Alternative approaches to standard inpatient mental health care: development of a typology of service models.

Background: Inpatient mental health care is an integral part of the continuum of mental health care in many countries, though it can be associated with challenges, such as reliance on coercive practices, negative patient experiences, and limited therapeutic options. Given these issues, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative approaches for individuals experiencing a mental health crisis. This research aimed to identify models which offer an alternative to standard inpatient mental health care across all age groups, both nationally and internationally, and to develop a typology for these alternative models.