Prevalence and prognostic value of global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) phenotypic cachexia criteria in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a framework for evaluating cachexia in cancer patients, yet variability in diagnostic application hinders its use. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and prognostic value of GLIM phenotypic criteria in patients with cachexia cancer.

Methods: This review adhered to a pre-defined protocol.

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) inflammation criteria to predict survival in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provides a framework for assessing cachexia in cancer patients. However, the role of systemic inflammation in this framework needs further exploration.

Methods: This study analyzed a cohort of 388 advanced cancer patients from 18 oncological care settings.

The prognostic value of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Background: Systemic inflammation has prognostic value in cancer and is considered aetiological of cachexia by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) also has recognized prognostic value. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin, to identify cachexia and predict outcome in advanced lung cancer.

The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer.

Background: In cancer cachexia the relationship between the tumour, its environment and the systemic inflammatory response is not clear. This study aims to examine this relationship in greater detail.

Methods: Host characteristics included the presence of a Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR) as measured by Systemic Inflammatory Grade (SIG), sarcopenia (SMI) and myosteatosis (SMD) were measured.

Prognostic value of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria including systemic inflammation in patients with advanced cancer.

An assessment of systemic inflammation and nutritional status may form the basis of a framework to examine the prognostic value of cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. The objective of the study was to examine the prognostic value of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, including BMI, weight loss (WL) and systemic inflammation (as measured by the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS)), in advanced cancer patients. Three criteria were examined in a combined cohort of patients with advanced cancer, and their relationship with survival was examined using Cox regression methods.

External validation of a deep learning model for automatic segmentation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue on abdominal CT images.

Objectives: Body composition assessment using CT images at the L3-level is increasingly applied in cancer research and has been shown to be strongly associated with long-term survival. Robust high-throughput automated segmentation is key to assess large patient cohorts and to support implementation of body composition analysis into routine clinical practice. We trained and externally validated a deep learning neural network (DLNN) to automatically segment L3-CT images.

CT Derived Measurement of Body Composition: Observations from a Comparative Analysis of Patients with Colorectal and Lung Cancer.

Background: CT-derived measures of body composition have been shown to have prognostic value in patients with cancer. However, few studies have compared these observations across tumor types and stages of disease. The aim of the present study was to compare body composition measures between two types of cancers, i.

The prevalence and prognostic value of systemic inflammation in good performance status patients with advanced, inoperable non-small cell lung cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy: Comparison of composite ratios and cumulative scores.

Introduction: The present study sought to examine the relationships between systemic inflammatory composite ratios/cumulative scores, magnitude of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and survival in good performance status patients (ECOG-PS 0/1) with advanced NSCLC receiving palliative radiotherapy.

Methods: Systemic inflammatory composite ratios/cumulative scores included the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), C-reactive protein, (CRP)-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil- lymphocyte score (NLS), platelet-lymphocyte score (PLS), lymphocyte-monocyte score (LMS), neutrophil-platelet score (NPS), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS). The magnitude of SIR was determined by serum CRP concentration, with a median CRP concentration of >10 m mg/L considered to be systemically inflamed.

Routine assessment of nutritional, functional and inflammatory criteria in patients with cancer: A systematic review.

Background: The review discusses the significant impact of cancer on patients, particularly focusing on cachexia - a condition marked by weight and lean tissue loss. This condition critically affects the nutritional status, quality of life, and treatment outcomes of cancer patients.

Research Question: The review seeks to understand the effectiveness and necessity of routine clinical monitoring of cancer cachexia, and how it can aid in better therapeutic interventions.

CT-derived body composition and differential association with age, TNM stage and systemic inflammation in patients with colon cancer.

Low skeletal muscle index/density (SMI/SMD) is prevalent in cancer, adversely prognostic and associated with tumour stage and the systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Age and SMI/SMD has not been widely studied. The present study analyses the association between age and SMI/SMD after adjustment for other clinicopathological factors.

Biomarker endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 5 of the cachexia endpoint series.

Regulatory agencies require evidence that endpoints correlate with clinical benefit before they can be used to approve drugs. Biomarkers are often considered surrogate endpoints. In cancer cachexia trials, the measurement of biomarkers features frequently.

Body weight and composition endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 4 of the cachexia endpoints series.

Significant variation exists in the outcomes used in cancer cachexia trials, including measures of body composition, which are often selected as primary or secondary endpoints. To date, there has been no review of the most commonly selected measures or their potential sensitivity to detect changes resulting from the interventions being examined. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the frequency and diversity of body composition measures that have been used in cancer cachexia trials.

Cachexia index for prognostication in surgical patients with locally advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer: multicentre cohort study.

Background: Features of cancer cachexia adversely influence patient outcomes, yet few currently inform clinical decision-making. This study assessed the value of the cachexia index (CXI), a novel prognostic marker, in patients for whom neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for oesophagogastric cancer is planned.

Methods: Consecutive patients newly diagnosed with locally advanced (T3-4 or at least N1) oesophagogastric cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 were identified through the West of Scotland and South-East Scotland Cancer Networks.

The Relationship between Liver Volume, Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival in Patients Undergoing Resection with Curative Intent for Non-Metastatic Colonic Cancer.

Introduction: The prognostic value of CT-derived liver volume in terms of cancer outcomes is not clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between liver area on a single axial CT-slice and the total liver volume in patients with colonic cancer. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between liver volume, determined using this novel method, clinicopathological variables and survival.

CT-derived body composition: Differential association with disease, age and inflammation in a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Low skeletal muscle mass and density, as assessed by CT-body composition (CT-BC), are recognised to have prognostic value in non-cancer and cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to compare CT-BC parameters between non-cancer (abdominal aortic aneurysm, AAA) and cancer (colorectal cancer, CRC) patients.

Methods: Two retrospective multicentre cohorts were compared.

Appetite and dietary intake endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 2 of the cachexia endpoints series.

There is no consensus on the optimal endpoint(s) in cancer cachexia trials. Endpoint variation is an obstacle when comparing interventions and their clinical value. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and evaluate endpoints used to assess appetite and dietary intake in cancer cachexia clinical trials.

The relationship between clinicopathological variables, systemic inflammation, and CT-derived body composition with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving nivolumab as a second-line treatment.

Background: Second-line immunotherapy is currently recognized to help only a subset of patients with advanced forms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study analyzes the connection between prior treatment host/tumor characteristics and survival in advanced NSCLC patients receiving nivolumab as a second-line therapy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was carried out on individuals with advanced NSCLC receiving second-line Nivolumab with palliative intent between February 2016 and May 2019 across three health boards in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Lanarkshire, Ayrshire, and Arran in Scotland to examine the association between systemic inflammation, body composition, and survival were determined using computed tomography (CT).

The prognostic impact of pre-treatment cachexia in resectional surgery for oesophagogastric cancer: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Cancer cachexia is not purely an end-stage phenomenon and can influence the outcomes of patients with potentially curable disease. This review examines the effect of pre-treatment cachexia on overall survival, in patients undergoing surgical resection of oesophagogastric cancer.

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was conducted, from January 2000 to May 2022, to identify studies reporting the influence of cachexia on patients undergoing an oesophagogastric resection for cancer with curative intent.

Are CT-Derived Muscle Measurements Prognostic, Independent of Systemic Inflammation, in Good Performance Status Patients with Advanced Cancer?

The present study examined the relationships between CT-derived muscle measurements, systemic inflammation, and survival in advanced cancer patients with good performance status (ECOG-PS 0/1). Data was collected prospectively from patients with advanced cancer undergoing anti-cancer therapy with palliative intent. The CT Sarcopenia score (CT-SS) was calculated by combining the CT-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) and density (SMD).

The relationship between heart rate variability and TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.

High vagal nerve activity, reliability measured by HRV, is considered protective in cancer, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and opposing sympathetic nerve activity. The present monocentric study examines the relationship between HRV, TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients who underwent potentially curative resections for colorectal cancer (CRC). Time-domain HRV measures, Standard Deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), were examined as categorical (median) and continuous variables.

The Impact of Acute Systemic Inflammation Secondary to Oesophagectomy and Anastomotic Leak on Computed Tomography Body Composition Analyses.

This study aimed to longitudinally assess CT body composition analyses in patients who experienced anastomotic leak post-oesophagectomy. Consecutive patients, between 1 January 2012 and 1 January 2022 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Changes in computed tomography (CT) body composition at the third lumbar vertebral level (remote from the site of complication) were assessed across four time points where available: staging, pre-operative/post-neoadjuvant treatment, post-leak, and late follow-up.