Diabetes in Pregnancy and Major New Advances in Diabetes Care Using Long and Ultra-Long Acting Insulins.

Pregestational diabetes complicates 1-2% of all pregnancies. Achievement of euglycemia prevents adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Insulin is the first line and the backbone of diabetes treatment in and out of pregnancy, but the delicate balance between stringent control and hypoglycemia, along with the complexity and interruption of multiple injections per day, continue to make glycemic control challenging.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use in pregnancy: a review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are peptide analogues that are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The first medication in this class, exenatide, was approved in 2005, and these medications, specifically semaglutide, have become more popular in recent years due to their pronounced effects on glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiovascular health. Due to successful weight loss from these medications, many women previously diagnosed with oligomenorrhea and unable to conceive have experienced unplanned pregnancies while taking the medications.