Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides as Therapeutics and Biomarkers for Combating Vascular Aging and Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.

Vascular aging profoundly affects the onset of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, mostly as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review examines the protective roles of mitochondrial-derived peptides such as humanin, MOTS-c, and small humanin-like peptides in mitigating vascular aging. These peptides, encoded by mitochondrial DNA, are crucial for regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which have a major role in vascular health.

Metformin: An Old Drug with New Tricks-Promising Role in Vascular Aging and Cardioprotection.

Metformin, traditionally promoted for its efficacy in diabetes, is increasingly appreciated for its geroprotective potential in the development of vascular aging, a key contributor to cardiovascular morbidity. This review aims at understanding the spectrum of mechanisms that govern the amelioration of degenerative processes associated with vascular aging by metformin. Central to this therapeutic promise is the activation of AMPK, which reduces metabolic dysregulation and hence slows vascular senescence.

The Emerging Role of Adropin in Neurological Health: A Systematic Review.

Background: Adropin, a peptide hormone has role in various various physiological processes, including metabolic regulation and cardiovascular health. This systematic review aimed to synthesize findings from observational studies on the involvement of adropin in neurological disorders and cognitive performance.

Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CORE, and Google Scholar using terms such as "adropin," "Neurological Disorders," "cognitive function," "Alzheimer's disease," "Parkinson's disease," "cognition," and "brain function.