Nested Admixture During and After the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on the Island of São Tomé.

Human genetic admixture, involving the contact between two or more previously isolated populations, can be a complex process influenced by social dynamics. In this study, we aim to reconstruct complex admixture histories in São Tomé, an island in the Gulf of Guinea where the Portuguese established one of the first plantation-based slave societies. Since the 15th century, migration waves from Africa and Europe, slavery, marooning, and indentured labour led to profound demographic shifts and social stratification on the island.

New surgical approach for buried penis with partial release of the penile suspensory system associated with fat transfer and suprapubic retraction.

Background: Adult acquired buried penis (AABP) is a condition of entrapment of the phallus resulting most commonly from obesity. This condition has a significant negative impact on the quality of life, including micturate difficulties, sexual dysfunction and recurrent infections. Many techniques exist to treat AABP; however, do not necessarily include a suspensory ligament release.

Perspectives of Canadian Plastic Surgeons on the Surgical Management of Pressure Injuries.

Pressure injuries, particularly among patients with spinal cord injuries and the elderly, significantly contribute to morbidity, mortality, and financial sequelae. Surgical interventions, including debridement and flaps, may improve outcomes, especially for stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries. This survey assesses Canadian plastic surgeons' perspectives and practices regarding the surgical management of these injuries.

Nested admixture during and after the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on the island of São Tomé.

Human admixture history is rarely a simple process in which distinct populations, previously isolated for a long time, come into contact once to form an admixed population. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the complex admixture histories of the population of São Tomé, an island in the Gulf of Guinea that was the site of the first slave-based plantation economy, and experienced successive waves of forced and deliberate migration from Africa. We examined 2.

Deep genetic substructure within bonobos.

Establishing the genetic and geographic structure of populations is fundamental, both to understand their evolutionary past and preserve their future. Nevertheless, the patterns of genetic population structure are unknown for most endangered species. This is the case for bonobos (Pan paniscus), which, together with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), are humans' closest living relatives.

Measuring the Efficiency of Purging by non-random Mating in Human Populations.

Human populations harbor a high concentration of deleterious genetic variants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that non-random mating practices affect the distribution of these variants, through exposure in the homozygous state, leading to their purging from the population gene pool. To do so, we produced whole-genome sequencing data for two pairs of Asian populations exhibiting different alliance rules and rates of inbreeding, but with similar effective population sizes.

Cosmetic male genital surgery: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Through the centuries the appearance of the male genitalia has always been an important concern for men, symbolizing virility, potency and sexual contentment. Correction of perceived deficiencies and deformities of the male genitalia can be addressed by aesthetic surgery as well as the enhancement its external aspect. If the social acceptance of cosmetic surgery, particularly of women's breasts, dates from the early 1950s, male intimate cosmetic surgery emerged from the shadows about 10 years ago with a medical community still very suspicious and reproachful.

Autogenous breast reconstruction for total mastectomies: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Mastectomies have a significant socio-psychological impact, motivating patients to undergo breast reconstruction. Initially, silicone implants were used to reconstruct the breast. However, breast implants have been the subject of successive crises throughout the years.

Silicone Particles in Capsules Around Breast Implants: An Investigation Into Currently Available Implants in North America.

Background: Breast implants have always been composed of a silicone elastomer envelope filled with either silicone gel or saline. Breast implant illness (BII) is a set of symptoms that has previously been linked to the leakage of silicone particles from the implants into the body.

Objectives: Our research aimed to quantify the number of silicone particles present in the capsules of breast implants available in North America.

Anatomical Study of the Penile Suspensory System: A Surgical Application to Micropenis.

Unlabelled: Penile enlargement surgery is the second most desired cosmetic procedure in men worldwide. The mainstay of penile lengthening procedures is a partial release of the penile suspensory ligament system. Concerns regarding erect penis stability after this procedure have been raised by the surgical community.

Detection of sexually antagonistic transmission distortions in trio datasets.

Sexual dimorphisms are widespread in animals and plants, for morphological as well as physiological traits. Understanding the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism and its evolution is crucial for understanding biological differences between the sexes. Genetic variants with sex-antagonistic effects on fitness are expected to segregate in populations at the early phases of sexual dimorphism emergence.

Genomic insights into population history and biological adaptation in Oceania.

The Pacific region is of major importance for addressing questions regarding human dispersals, interactions with archaic hominins and natural selection processes. However, the demographic and adaptive history of Oceanian populations remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report high-coverage genomes of 317 individuals from 20 populations from the Pacific region.

3D planning and patient-specific surgical guides in forearm osteotomy in children: Radiographic accuracy and clinical morbidity.

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) planning and patient-specific surgical guides are increasingly used in the treatment of skeletal deformities. The present study hypothesis was that they are reliable in forearm osteotomy in children, with low morbidity.

Material And Methods: Twenty-there children with one or several osteotomies to correct forearm deformities were retrospectively included: 9 (20 osteotomies) with surgical guide (G+), and 14 (28 osteotomies) without (G-).

Complex genetic admixture histories reconstructed with Approximate Bayesian Computation.

Admixture is a fundamental evolutionary process that has influenced genetic patterns in numerous species. Maximum-likelihood approaches based on allele frequencies and linkage-disequilibrium have been extensively used to infer admixture processes from genome-wide data sets, mostly in human populations. Nevertheless, complex admixture histories, beyond one or two pulses of admixture, remain methodologically challenging to reconstruct.

Stepwise Management of Severe Thoracogenic Scoliosis in Burned Child.

Background: Skin and soft tissue retraction secondary to burns of the trunk may induce severe and progressive thoracogenic spinal deformities in children. Its management is rarely described.

Case Description: Our study reports a case of severe thoracic scoliosis in a 13-year-old adolescent, secondary to soft tissue retraction due to trunk burn in early childhood.

From matrimonial practices to genetic diversity in Southeast Asian populations: the signature of the matrilineal puzzle.

In matrilineal populations, the descent group affiliation is transmitted by women whereas the socio-political power frequently remains in the hands of men. This situation, named the 'matrilineal puzzle', is expected to promote local endogamy as a coping mechanism allowing men to maintain their decision-making power over their natal descent group. In this paper, we revisit this 'matrilineal puzzle' from a population genetics' point of view.

In vitro osteodifferentiation of intact human amniotic membrane is not beneficial in the context of bone repair.

The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is an attractive biomaterial for regenerative medicine, as it contains amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC), epithelial cells (hAEC) and growth factors. We examined the potential use of hAM in orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone surgery, integrating the requirements of current regulations regarding advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) in the European Union. Previous studies have described the potential osteodifferentiation of intact hAM during whole-tissue culture in osteogenic conditions.

Genomic evidence for MHC disassortative mating in humans.

Although pervasive in many animal species, the evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disassortative mating in humans remains inconsistent across studies. Here, to revisit this issue, we analyse dense genotype data for 883 European and Middle Eastern couples. To distinguish MHC-specific effects from socio-cultural confounders, the pattern of relatedness between spouses in the MHC region is compared to the rest of the genome.

Residence rule flexibility and descent groups dynamics shape uniparental genetic diversities in South East Asia.

Objectives: Social organization plays a major role in shaping human population genetic diversity. In particular, matrilocal populations tend to exhibit less mitochondrial diversity than patrilocal populations, and the other way around for Y chromosome diversity. However, several studies have not replicated such findings.

Sex-specific genetic diversity is shaped by cultural factors in Inner Asian human populations.

Objectives: Sex-specific genetic structures have been previously documented worldwide in humans, even though causal factors have not always clearly been identified. In this study, we investigated the impact of ethnicity, geography and social organization on the sex-specific genetic structure in Inner Asia. Furthermore, we explored the process of ethnogenesis in multiple ethnic groups.

Fresh and in vitro osteodifferentiated human amniotic membrane, alone or associated with an additional scaffold, does not induce ectopic bone formation in Balb/c mice.

The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been successfully used as a natural carrier containing amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells, epithelial cells and growth factors. It has a little or no immunogenicity, and possesses useful anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and analgesic properties. It has been used for many years in several indications for soft tissue repair.