Comparison of Direct and Indirect Methods of Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure in Healthy, Anesthetized African Green Monkeys ().

Quantitative blood pressure measurement is a critical parameter for assessing cardiovascular health, monitoring physiologic status under anesthesia, and making clinical decisions. The placement of an arterial catheter is the most accurate way to measure blood pressure, but is invasive and perhaps uncomfortable for the patient, requires sedation or anesthesia, and is technically challenging for staff. Noninvasive devices and methods, including oscillometry, high-definition oscillometry, and Doppler flow can be used to measure blood pressure.

Impairment of wound healing by reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL) in a Göttingen minipig model.

Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL) is an FDA-approved skin decontamination kit carried by service members for removal and neutralisation of vesicants and nerve agents. The RSDL kit, comprised of a lotion-impregnated sponge, was shown to be the superior medical decontamination device for chemical warfare agent (CWA) exposure on intact skin. In the event of a chemical exposure situation (i.

Evaluation of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and propofol as treatments for nerve agent-induced seizures in pediatric and adult rats.

Multiple recent instances of nerve agent (NA) exposure in civilian populations have occurred, resulting in a variety of negative effects and lethality in both adult and pediatric populations. Seizures are a prominent effect of NAs that can result in neurological damage and contribute to their lethality. Current anticonvulsant treatments for NAs are approved for adults, but no approved pediatric treatments exist.

Delayed midazolam dose effects against soman in male and female plasma carboxylesterase knockout mice.

Chemical warfare nerve agent exposure leads to status epilepticus that may progress to epileptogenesis and severe brain pathology when benzodiazepine treatment is delayed. We evaluated the dose-response effects of delayed midazolam (MDZ) on toxicity induced by soman (GD) in the plasma carboxylesterase knockout (Es1 ) mouse, which, similar to humans, lacks plasma carboxylesterase. Initially, we compared the median lethal dose (LD ) of GD exposure in female Es1 mice across estrous with male mice and observed a greater LD during estrus compared with proestrus or with males.

Butyrylcholinesterase, a stereospecific in vivo bioscavenger against nerve agent intoxication.

Human butyrylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.

Evaluation of a Synthetic Bedding Substrate for Mice ().

This study compared a synthetic bedding substrate (SBS), which has the potential to be a particulate-free animal bedding system, with the standard woodchip bedding. The objective was to demonstrate that the SBS is habitable for mice and reduces particulates to levels that would not contaminate the eye or potentially induce ocular (corneal) injury. Newly weaned mice were placed in either standard woodchip bedding or SBS.

Assessment of mouse strain differences in baseline esterase activities and toxic response to sarin.

Genetics likely play a role in various responses to nerve agent (NA) exposure, as genetic background plays an important role in behavioral, neurological, and physiological responses. This study uses different mouse strains to identify if mouse strain differences in sarin exposure exist. In Experiment 1, basal levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CE) were measured in different strains of naïve mice to account for potential pharmacokinetic determinants of individual differences.