Evaluating the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments for depression on anhedonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Anhedonia, the lack of interest or pleasure in activities, is a core but under-addressed symptom of depression. Consequently, little is known about the efficacy of treatments for alleviating anhedonia.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments for depression at reducing symptoms of anhedonia.

Development and validation of the Revised Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ-R).

Background: It has been argued that disruptions to epistemic trust are implicated in psychopathology; however, this requires empirical testing, and an existing scale evaluating epistemic trust, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ), requires improvement.

Aims: This study tested a revised version of the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (the ETMCQ-R), examining the strength of associations between the updated scale and mental health symptoms, epistemic vice, psychological resilience, perceived social support, attachment style, history of childhood adversity and an experimental measure of trust, and epistemic stance as a mediator between adversity and psychopathology.

Method: Using an online survey design, 525 participants completed the ETMCQ-R alongside other measures.

Effectiveness of psychological interventions for young adults versus working age adults: a retrospective cohort study in a national psychological treatment programme in England.

Background: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in young adults is rising, leading to an increasing need for evidence-based treatment. Psychological therapies are a first-line treatment for these conditions and are broadly preferred to pharmacotherapies, particularly by young adults. There is some evidence that younger people might have poorer outcomes from psychological therapies than adults over the age of 25 years, but research has been confined to smaller studies or has not considered the role of statistical confounding, as well as the potential interaction between age and gender.

Evolutionarily divergent nidovirus with an exceptionally large genome identified in Pacific oysters undergoing mass mortality.

Metatranscriptomic data from a mass-mortality event of adult Pacific Oysters, () , the most widely cultivated shellfish globally, revealed a nidovirus shown to replicate in a bivalve, Pacific Oyster Nidovirus 1 (PONV1). At 64,331 bp of linear bisegmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA, PONV1 has one of the largest genomes reported for an RNA virus. Moreover, transcriptomic data reveal that many conspecific viruses of PONV1 occur in Pacific oysters from Europe and the Pacific coasts of Asia and North America.

Psychological therapy outcomes by sexual orientation and gender: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are more than twice as likely to experience anxiety and depression compared with heterosexuals. Minority stress theory posits that stigma and discrimination contribute to chronic stress, potentially affecting clinical treatment. We compared psychological therapy outcomes between LGB and heterosexual patients by gender.

The bi-directional influence of social functioning and mental health symptoms during psychological treatment: A cross-lagged analysis in young adults.

Young adults (17-25 years old) are at greater risk of experiencing depression or anxiety, and have worse psychological therapy outcomes compared to working-age and older adults. Social functioning and related constructs are valued as outcomes of treatment, and may be particularly important to young adults, who report loneliness and a lack of social support. The relationship between social functioning and mental health during treatment in this group therefore requires further exploration.

Effectiveness of psychological therapies for depression or anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities: retrospective, matched, observational cohort study of primary care electronic healthcare records in England.

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend evidence-based psychological therapies for adults with intellectual disabilities with co-occurring anxiety or depression. No previous research has explored the effectiveness of these therapies in mainstream psychological therapy settings or outside specialist settings.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological therapies delivered in routine primary care settings for people with intellectual disability who are experiencing co-occurring depression or anxiety.

An International Validation of the Stigma Impact Scale With People With Dementia.

Objective: A robust psychometric instrument is imperative to measure the devastating impact of self-stigma in dementia to adequately inform policy and practice. Our objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Stigma Impact Scale in a global sample of people with dementia.

Method: Data were analysed from the World Alzheimer Report including 710 participants in 42 countries who completed the SIS.

Understanding Interactions Between Life Satisfaction and Genetic Predisposition on Risk of Alzheimer's Disease up to 14 Years Later: Findings From the UK Biobank.

Objectives: Previous research investigating associations between life satisfaction and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mixed. This association may differ depending on genetic risk for AD. The aim of this study was to test interactions between life satisfaction and genetic predisposition on the future incidence of AD diagnosis.

Wellbeing and memory function: testing bidirectional associations in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the bidirectional relationship between wellbeing and memory in a large, nationally representative sample of people aged 50+.

Method: Data were used from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a longitudinal cohort comprising 12,099 people aged 50+, excluding people with dementia at baseline. Repeated measures of wellbeing (CASP-19) and episodic memory (immediate and delayed recall of a word list) were available 9-times over a 16-year period.

A record-linkage study of post-stroke primary care psychological therapy effectiveness in England.

At least one-third of stroke survivors are affected by depression or anxiety, but no large-scale studies of real-world clinical practice have assessed whether psychological therapies are beneficial for these patients. Here we show that psychological treatment is effective for stroke survivors on average, using national healthcare records from National Health Service Talking Therapies services in England, including 7,597 patients with a hospital diagnosis of stroke before attendance. Following psychological treatment, stroke survivors experienced moderate reductions in depression and large reductions in anxiety symptoms.

The value of mental science: we publish what matters.

Recent changes to US research funding are having far-reaching consequences that imperil the integrity of science and the provision of care to vulnerable populations. Resisting these changes, the reaffirms its commitment to publishing mental science and advancing psychiatric knowledge that improves the mental health of one and all.

Armed conflict exposure types are not equally associated with access to psychosocial support: A study of over 8 million victims of the Colombian armed conflict.

Background: The Colombian armed conflict has endured for almost 60 years. Colombia has a national psychosocial support service, called PAPSIVI, which is the largest initiative in history to address the psychosocial needs of civilians.

Aims: Understand the extent to which PAPSIVI reaches priority groups and provides access to psychosocial support for victims of the conflict, something only previously tested in small studies.

Identifying subgroups of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adult general hospital attendees: associations with mental and physical health measures.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative mental and physical health outcomes. While increased ACE exposure often correlates with worse health outcomes, specific combinations of ACEs may heighten the risk for certain conditions and diseases.

Method: Participants (n = 2642) attending inpatient and outpatient departments at an Austrian university hospital provided self-reported measures of physical and mental health, along with retrospective assessments of ACEs.

Antidepressants withdrawal effects and duration of use: a survey of patients enrolled in primary care psychotherapy services.

Background: Previous studies of antidepressant withdrawal have been limited by short duration of drug exposure or self-selected samples. Our study aimed to estimate withdrawal effects in routine clinical practice.

Methods: Participants from NHS primary care psychological treatment services who had ever tried to stop an antidepressant were surveyed.

Is university attendance associated with differences in health service use for a mental health problem in emerging adulthood? Evidence from the ALSPAC population-based cohort.

Purpose: It is unclear whether attending university is associated with health service use for mental health problems in emerging adulthood. As this can be a marker of the onset of mental disorders, we aimed to investigate whether attending university was associated with health service use for a mental health problem by age 24.

Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Exploring perspectives on how to improve psychological treatment for women from minoritised ethnic communities: qualitative study with psychological therapists.

Background: Women from minoritised ethnic communities experience inequalities in access, experience and outcomes of psychological therapy. Understanding the factors associated with these inequalities could inform improvements to mental health services.

Aims: To explore therapists' experiences of providing treatment to women from minoritised ethnic communities, including insights on adaptations made at the delivery, content and wider organisation levels, and to gather suggestions about potential treatment improvements.

Subtyping Service Receipt in Personality Disorder Services in South London: Observational Validation Study Using Latent Profile Analysis.

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are typically associated with higher mental health service use; however, individual patterns of engagement among patients with complex needs are poorly understood.

Objective: The study aimed to identify subgroups of individuals based on patterns of service receipt in secondary mental health services and examine how routinely collected information is associated with these subgroups.

Methods: A sample of 3941 patients diagnosed with a personality disorder and receiving care from secondary services in South London was identified using health care records covering an 11-year period from 2007 to 2018.

Psychological Therapy Outcomes and Engagement in People of Different Religions.

Importance: Identifying whether people of minoritized religious identities are less likely to benefit from psychological therapy is key to tackling inequalities in mental health treatment.

Objective: To assess inequalities in the effectiveness of routinely delivered psychological therapy across religious groups and by the intersections with ethnicity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cohort study including all patients who completed a course of treatment at 5 London-based National Health Service Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHS TTad) services between 2011 and 2020.

Overview on the management of herpes simplex virus infections: Current therapies and future directions.

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are highly prevalent, infecting approximately 64 % and 13 % of the world's population, respectively. Traditionally, HSV-1 has been associated with orofacial infections and HSV-2 with anogenital infections, but HSV-1 is increasingly the cause of genital infections. The clinical spectrum of HSV disease ranges from mild cold sores to severe conditions such as encephalitis or systemic infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and neonates.

Psychometric Properties of the Nine-Item Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Seven-Item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) With People With Intellectual Disabilities.

Background: The nine-item Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) are, respectively, self-report measures of depression, generalised anxiety, and the impact of mental health on the person's personal functioning that are widely used in mainstream mental health services in England. The psychometric properties of these scales when used with people with intellectual disabilities have not been established.

Method: Item level data for the PHQ-9 (n = 128), GAD-7 (n = 124) and WSAS (n = 133) for people with intellectual disabilities in an English NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHSTT) service in the north of England were analysed using internal reliability statistics and confirmatory factor analysis.

The role of trauma, attachment, and voice-hearer's appraisals: a latent profile analysis in the AVATAR2 trial.

Background: There is evidence that attachment, trauma, and voice appraisals individually impact voice hearing in psychosis, but their intersectional relationship has not been examined. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of individuals from the intersectional relationship between these factors and examine differences between subgroups on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A latent profile analysis was conducted on baseline data from the AVATAR2 trial ( = 345), to identify statistically distinct subgroups of individuals with psychosis who hear distressing voices based on co-occurring patterns of trauma, fearful attachment, and voice appraisals.

Mentalizing, epistemic trust and interpersonal problems in emotion regulation: A sequential path analysis across common mental health disorders and community control samples.

Background: Emotion regulation is a crucial function implicated in multiple mental health disorders; understanding the mechanisms by which emotion regulation has such impact is essential. Mentalizing has been posited as a prerequisite for effective emotion regulation. The current study aims to examine the roles of epistemic trust and interpersonal problems in driving the association between mentalizing and emotion regulation, contrasting clinical and non-clinical populations.

Virtual individual cognitive stimulation therapy (V-iCST): Mixed methods feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a dementia intervention shown to improve cognition and quality of life (QoL). Previous research on individual CST delivered by family carers showed no significant improvements in people with dementia. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Virtual Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (V-iCST) delivered by healthcare personnel.