Efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors in cutaneous lupus: a systematic review and brief meta-analysis of recommended concentration, type, and outcomes.

Background: Establishing effective treatment for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is of major importance given lack of approved medications for this autoimmune condition. Topical calcineurin inhibitors have been used to treat all types of CLE, yet there is currently no robust study that evaluated the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitors in this patient population. Our aim is to study the efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors for treating patients with CLE and assess the side effects associated with the use of this class of medications.

Ongoing Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Findings and Implications.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, increasing costs, morbidity, and mortality. National action plans (NAPs) to minimize AMR are one of several global and national initiatives to slow down rising AMR rates. NAPs are also helping key stakeholders understand current antimicrobial utilization patterns and resistance rates.