Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy of helmet use and helmet laws to reduce mortality and cervical spine injury in adult motorcycle riders: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Motorcycle crash fatalities remain a significant public health concern. Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death following motorcycle crash. We aim to provide evidence-based guidelines pertaining to helmet use and helmet laws with respect to important outcomes including mortality, cervical spine injury, and discharge disposition.

Posttraumatic stress disorder mitigation in trauma patients: An evidence-based systematic review from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Because of advances in trauma care, there has been increased survival among trauma patients. However, less progress has been made to address posttraumatic psychological disorders. Many trauma patients (19-42%) report emotional or psychological distress after injury, and over one in five will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression within the first postinjury year.

Creation of standardized tools to evaluate reporting in health research: Population Reporting Of Gender, Race, Ethnicity & Sex (PROGRES).

Despite increasing diversity in research recruitment, research finding reporting by gender, race, ethnicity, and sex has remained up to the discretion of authors. This study developped and piloted tools to standardize the inclusive reporting of gender, race, ethnicity, and sex in health research. A modified Delphi approach was used to develop standardized tools for the inclusive reporting of gender, race, ethnicity, and sex in health research.

Association Between Fecal Contamination and Outcomes After Emergent General Surgery Colorectal Resection: A Post Hoc Analysis of an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) Multicenter Study.

The impact of fecal contamination on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing emergent colorectal resection is unclear. We hypothesized that fecal contamination is associated with worse clinical outcomes regardless of operative technique. This is a post hoc analysis for an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma-sponsored multicenter study that prospectively enrolled emergency general surgery patients undergoing urgent/emergent colorectal resection.

Duration of antimicrobial treatment for complicated intra-abdominal infections after definitive source control: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Recent studies have evaluated outcomes associated with duration of antimicrobial treatment for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI). The goal of this guideline was to help clinicians better define appropriate antimicrobial duration in patients who have undergone definitive source control for cIAI.

Methods: A working group of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of the available data pertaining to the duration of antibiotics after definitive source control of cIAI in adult patients.

Screening and intervention for intimate partner violence at trauma centers and emergency departments: an evidence-based systematic review from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue with a substantial burden on society. Screening and intervention practices vary widely and there are no standard guidelines. Our objective was to review research on current practices for IPV prevention in emergency departments and trauma centers in the USA and provide evidenced-based recommendations.

Does treatment delay for blunt cerebrovascular injury affect stroke rate?: An EAST multicenter study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze injury characteristics and stroke rates between blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) with delayed vs non-delayed medical therapy. We hypothesized there would be increased stroke formation with delayed medical therapy.

Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a 16 center, prospective, observational trial on BCVI.

Broad vs Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics in Common Bile Duct Stones: A Post Hoc Analysis of an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multicenter Study.

Background: Antimicrobial guidance for common bile duct stones during the perioperative period is limited. We sought to examine the effect of broad-spectrum (BS) vs narrow-spectrum (NS) antibiotics on surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with common bile duct stones undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy.

Study Design: We performed a post hoc analysis of a prospective, observational, multicenter study of patients undergoing same-admission cholecystectomy for choledocholithiasis and/or acute biliary pancreatitis between 2016 and 2019.

Flange Fracture and Dislocation: An Unusual Complication of Percutaneous Tracheostomy.

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is a commonly used technique in intensive care units (ICUs) for persistent respiratory failure. Early complications of placement includeairway loss, bleeding, and tracheal ring fracture. Tracheostomy tube fracture is a rarely reported complication that can lead to loss of airway and require emergent intervention.

Full-face motorcycle helmets to reduce injury and death: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: While motorcycle helmets reduce mortality and morbidity, no guidelines specify which is safest. We sought to determine if full-face helmets reduce injury and death.

Methods: We searched for studies without exclusion based on: age, language, date, or randomization.

Female Genital Mutilation: Treatment Updates and the Need for Education.

Introduction: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) refers to ritual surgical procedures performed that intentionally alter genitalia for nonmedical purposes. Female genital mutilation/ cutting is a lifelong problem for women that can have detrimental effects on menstruation, pregnancy, sexual health, and self-esteem. In 2016 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated 513,000 women and children in the United States were victims of or at risk for FGM/C.

Ethical Care of the Traumatized: Conceptual Introduction to Trauma-Informed Care for Surgeons and Surgical Residents.

Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a set of principles and practices designed to improve the ways professionals treat people who have been traumatized. This study reviews fundamental concepts of TIC and applies them to the work of surgeons. TIC is described in relation to fundamental medical ethical concepts, and evidence for TIC-based intervention is reviewed.

Grade 1 Internal Carotid Artery Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Persistence Risks Stroke With Current Management: An EAST Multicenter Study.

Background: Higher blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) grade and lack of medical therapy are associated with stroke. Knowledge of stroke risk factors specific to individual grades may help tailor BCVI therapy to specific injury characteristics.

Methods: A post-hoc analysis of a 16 center, prospective, observational trial (2018-2020) was performed including grade 1 internal carotid artery (ICA) BCVI.

Outcomes of Restricted versus Liberal Post-Operative Antibiotic Use in Patients Undergoing Appendectomy: A DOOR/RADAR Post Hoc Analysis of the EAST Appendicitis MUSTANG Study.

There is no consensus on the duration of antibiotic use after appendectomy. We hypothesized that restricted antibiotic use is associated with better clinical outcomes. We performed a post hoc analysis of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) Multicenter Study of the Treatment of Appendicitis in America-Acute, Perforated, and Gangrenous (MUSTANG) study using the desirability of outcome ranking/response adjusted for duration of antibiotic risk (DOOR/RADAR) framework.

Planning for the Next Pandemic: Trauma Injuries Require Pre-COVID-19 Levels of High-Intensity Resources.

As hospital systems plan for health care utilization surges and stress, understanding the necessary resources of a trauma system is essential for planning capacity. We aimed to describe trends in high-intensity resource utilization (operating room [OR] usage and intensive care unit [ICU] admissions) for trauma care during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trauma registry data (2019 pre-COVID-19 and 2020 COVID-19) were collected retrospectively from 4 level I trauma centers.

Endovascular Intervention in Internal Carotid Artery Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: An EAST Multicenter Study.

Background: Use of endovascular intervention (EI) for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is without consensus guidelines. Rates of EI use and radiographic characteristics of BCVI undergoing EI nationally are unknown.

Methods: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective, observational study at 16 U.

Adding to the story, did penetrating trauma really increase? changes in trauma patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-institutional, multi-region investigation.

Background: Results from single-region studies suggest that stay at home orders (SAHOs) had unforeseen consequences on the volume and patterns of traumatic injury during the initial months of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe, using a multi-regional approach, the effects of COVID-19 SAHOs on trauma volume and patterns of traumatic injury in the US.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at four verified Level I trauma centers spanning three geographical regions across the United States (US).

Different Surgeon, Different Duration: Lack of Consensus on the Appropriate Duration of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Therapy in Surgical Practice.

The principles of antimicrobial stewardship promote the appropriate prescribing of agents with respect to efficacy, safety, duration, and cost. Antibiotic resistance often results from inappropriate use (e.g.

Appendectomy versus nonoperative management of simple appendicitis: A post hoc analysis of an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study using a hierarchical ordinal scale.

Background: Controversy exists about the preferred initial treatment of appendicitis. We sought to compare the two treatments for initial management of simple appendicitis.

Methods: In this post hoc analysis of the Multicenter Study for the Treatment of Appendicitis in America: Acute, Perforated, and Gangrenous database, subjects were divided into appendectomy or nonoperative management (NOM; antibiotics only or percutaneous drainage) cohorts.