Decoding premature ovarian insufficiency: A full spectrum review from epidemiology to management with emphasis on cyclophosphamide-evoked ovarian injury.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex condition characterized by the termination of ovarian function before the age of 40, affecting approximately 1 % of women within this age group. This review offers a comprehensive overview of POI aspects, including its definition, epidemiology, clinical presentations, etiological factors, diagnostic approaches, complications, and management strategies. A particular emphasis is placed on cyclophosphamide (CPA), an alkylating agent widely used in cancer and autoimmune disease treatment, which is known to cause serious ovarian toxicity leading to POI.

Klotho modulation by tempol: a potential therapeutic axis in sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is characterized by massive inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant activities during sepsis contributes to hyperinflammation, oxidation, endothelin system activation, and apoptosis, key elements of multiorgan failure. The current study investigated the role of tempol attenuating sepsis-induced acute cardiorenal injuries through modulation of Klotho.

Modulating platelet-activating factor by rupatadine attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via NF-κB/caspase-3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades.

Gentamicin (GEN) is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for Gram-negative bacterial infections. One of the most common adverse consequences of it is renal damage which is developed in 30% of individuals receiving GEN for over 7 days. For the first time, we attempted to examine the reno-protective activity of rupatadine (RUP) on GEN-induced renal injury in rats.

Buspirone ameliorates premature ovarian insufficiency evoked by cyclophosphamide in female rats; attention to AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1, α-Klotho/NLRP3/Caspase-1, and Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis interplay.

This study aims to investigate the protective impact of buspirone (BUS) against cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) by focusing on pyroptosis, apoptosis, and the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. POI was achieved by i.p.

Memantine abrogates testicular dysfunction induced by risperidone in rats with a potential role of ERK1/2-Nrf2-caspase-3 signaling pathway.

Psychosis is usually a substantial global burden with a prevalence of 0.4-2%. On the other hand, 50 million people are suffering from dementia, with dementia-related psychosis affecting approximately 25% of them.

Endothelin System Blockade Extenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Heart and Kidney Injuries via Modulating ET-1/Klotho/p38-MAPK.

Sepsis-induced organ failure is a major health problem, characterised by massive inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of the peptides expressed during septicemia with proapoptotic, proinflammatory, and oxidant effects. ET-1 plays a role in heart and kidney injuries in sepsis.

Repurposing levomilnacipran to attenuate premature ovarian insufficiency induced by cyclophosphamide in female Wistar albino rats through modulation of TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB p65, caspase-3-driven apoptosis, and Klotho protein expression.

Aim: This study aims to explore the mitigative impact of levomilnacipran (LVM) against cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65, and klotho expression.

Methods: Rats were allocated into five groups as follows: control, LVM, CPA, CPA + LVM, and CPA + TRI. Serum hormones and histopathological examination were performed.

Levomilnacipran alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic dysfunction in male Wistar albino rats; emerging role of α-Klotho/TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB p65 and caspase-3-driven apoptosis trajectories.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential protective effect of levomilnacipran (LVM) against cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting α-Klotho/TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB p65 and Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways.

Main Methods: The toxicity of CPA was assessed using biochemical analysis of the serum hepatotoxicity parameters (AST, ALT, and direct bilirubin) and histopathological examination. Hepatic MDA and SOD were evaluated.

The protective effect of pregabalin and xanthenone on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: Torsion of the spermatic cord is a hazardous and common urologic issue. The current work evaluates the possible protective effect of pregabalin (PGB) and xanthenone (XAN) in testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by testicular torsion/detorsion in rats.

Materials And Methods: Seven groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were allocated randomly into seven groups, namely, sham control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), PGB 50 mg/kg, PGB 100 mg/kg, XAN 1 mg/kg, XAN 2 mg/kg, and PGB 50 mg/kg plus XAN 1 mg/kg groups.

Aprepitant boasted a protective effect against olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome and its subsequent hepatic, renal, and ovarian dysfunction; Role of IGF/p-AKT/FOXO and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways in female Wistar albino rats.

Olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) is a primary risk factor for insulin resistance, hepatorenal damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of the current study was to assess the protective effects of aprepitant (AP) against MS caused by olanzapine and the associated ovarian, renal, and liver dysfunction via modulation of IGF/p-AKT/FOXO and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways. AP mitigated all biochemical and histopathological abnormalities induced by olanzapine and resulted in a significant reduction of serum HOMA-IR, lipid profile parameters, and a substantial decrease in hepatic, renal, and ovarian MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and caspase 3.

Proniosomal Gel-Loaded Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil): Prospects for Topical Penile Therapy of Tadalafil for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.

Oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors have emerged as a game changer for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) since attaining FDA approval for its first member, sildenafil, in 1998. Topical penile therapy could be a viable replacement for oral medication that would transform the treatment of ED for many decades to come. This innovative idea could offer a safer topical alternative with less vision and cardiovascular side effects than the oral route.

Role of EGF/ERK1/2/HO-1 axis in mediating methotrexate induced testicular damage in rats and the ameliorative effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the management of several malignancies and autoimmune disorders; however, testicular damage is one of the most detrimental effects of MTX administration. The current the protective effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors either purine analogue; allopurinol (ALL) or non-purine analogue; febuxostat (FEB) in testicular injury induced by MTX in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to four groups; control (received vehicles), MTX (received single dose, 20 mg/kg, i.

The IL-6/HO-1/STAT3 signaling pathway is implicated in the amelioration of acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity: A neonatal rat model.

The widespread use of acetaminophen (APAP) in children as an over-the-counter treatment can cause acute liver failure through accidental overdose or ingestion. Therefore, the current research sought to investigate the function of hemin in mitigating the acute hepatotoxic effect of APAP in rat offspring. Thirty-two rats were assigned into four groups: control, hemin, APAP, and hemin/APAP groups.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: Sitagliptin down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway to reduce uterine injury in rats.

Objectives: Uterine ischemia is a common problem with ongoing controversy about its pathogenesis and prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of sitagliptin against uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Materials And Methods: Rats were allocated into 4 groups: control, sitagliptin (SIT) (5 mg/kg), IR; ischemia was induced followed by reperfusion, and IR+SIT; SIT was administered 1 hr before IRI.

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist, Montelukast Ameliorates L-NAME-Induced Pre-eclampsia in Rats through Suppressing the IL-6/Jak2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Aims: To investigate the potential protective role of montelukast (Mont) in the pre-eclampsia rat model induced by L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).

Methods And Materials: Thirty-two pregnant female albino Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: the control group: pregnant rats received vehicles; the Mont group: pregnant rats received Mont (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.

Role of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in protective effect of sildenafil in cyclophosphamide-induced placental injury in rats.

Aims: Chemotherapeutic agents; cyclophosphamide (CYC) is used for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Grievously, CYC is non-selective as it affects both tumor and healthy cells resulting in systemic toxicity including placenta. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil (Sild) on CYC-induced placental injury in rats.

Ameliorating effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist in multi-organ toxicity induced in rat offspring, a possible role for epidermal growth factor.

Nowadays, there is a dramatic increase in the interest of potential impact of consumer-relevant engineered nanoparticles on pregnancy. This study investigated the possible protective effect of montelukast in neonatal organ toxicity induced by maternal exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in rats. It was noticed that montelukast reduced serum urea, creatinine, renal caspase-3 immunoreactivity and IL-1β and increased total antioxidant capacity, as compared to AgNPs.

The protective effect of fenofibrate, triptorelin, and their combination against premature ovarian failure in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy alkylating agent that causes a lot of side effects including premature ovarian failure (POF). This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of fenofibrate (FEN) in CP-induced POF. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: negative control, CP, triptorelin (TRI)-treated, FEN (FEN)-treated, and FEN + TRI-treated.

Protective effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in testicular torsion/detorsion in rats: a possible role of HIF-1α and nitric oxide.

Spermatic cord torsion is a serious and common urologic emergency. It requires early diagnosis for prevention of subfertility and testicular necrosis. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are anti-diabetic drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have a protective role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion.