Safety and immunogenicity of the co-administered Na-APR-1 and Na-GST-1 hookworm vaccines in school-aged children in Gabon: a randomised, controlled, observer-blind, phase 1, dose-escalation trial.

Background: A human hookworm vaccine is being developed to protect children against iron deficiency and anaemia associated with chronic infection with hookworms. Necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1) and N americanus glutathione S-transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) are components of the blood digestion pathway critical to hookworm survival in the host. Recombinant Na-GST-1 and catalytically inactive Na-APR-1 (Na-APR-1[M74]) adsorbed to Alhydrogel were safe and immunogenic when delivered separately or co-administered to adults in phase 1 trials in non-endemic and endemic areas.

CalcAMP: A New Machine Learning Model for the Accurate Prediction of Antimicrobial Activity of Peptides.

To combat infection by microorganisms host organisms possess a primary arsenal via the innate immune system. Among them are defense peptides with the ability to target a wide range of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Here, we present the development of a novel machine learning model capable of predicting the activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), CalcAMP.

Safety and immunogenicity of co-administered hookworm vaccine candidates Na-GST-1 and Na-APR-1 in Gabonese adults: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 1 dose-escalation trial.

Background: Hookworms cause substantial morbidity in children and women of reproductive age. The control strategy of mass drug administration is suboptimal, hence the need for a vaccine. Necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1) and N americanus glutathione S-transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) are involved in the digestion and detoxification of haemoglobin in the hookworm digestive tract.

Where is the 'global' in the European Union's Health Research and Innovation Agenda?

Global Health has not featured as prominently in the European Union (EU) research agenda in recent years as it did in the first decade of the new millennium, and participation of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in EU health research has declined substantially. The Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Framework adopted by the European Parliament in April 2019 for the period 2021-2027 will serve as an important funding instrument for health research, yet the proposed health research budget to be finalised towards the end of 2019 was reduced from 10% in the current framework, Horizon 2020, to 8% in Horizon Europe. Our analysis takes the evolvement of Horizon Europe from the initial framework of June 2018 to the framework agreed on in April 2019 into account.

Eradication of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from human skin by the novel LL-37-derived peptide P10 in four pharmaceutical ointments.

Skin bacterial colonization/infection is a frequent cause of morbidity in patients with chronic wounds and allergic/inflammatory skin diseases. This study aimed to develop a novel approach to eradicate meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from human skin. To achieve this, the stability and antibacterial activity of the novel LL-37-derived peptide P10 in four ointments was compared.

Ritonavir-boosted darunavir combined with raltegravir or tenofovir-emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1: 96 week results from the NEAT001/ANRS143 randomised non-inferiority trial.

Background: Standard first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection includes two nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), but these drugs have limitations. We assessed the 96 week efficacy and safety of an NtRTI-sparing regimen.

Methods: Between August, 2010, and September, 2011, we enrolled treatment-naive adults into this randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial in treatment-naive adults in 15 European countries.

Antiretroviral therapy and resistance to antiretroviral drugs.

Slightly more than a decade after the discovery of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, effective therapies against this virus have become available. Because of a large degree of cross-resistance among antiretroviral agents in the same class (nRTIs, NNRTIs, or PIs), once a therapy has failed virologically, future therapeutic options with currently available drugs are limited, however. Poor tolerability and toxicity may also compromise the long-term prospects of antiretroviral therapy.

A randomized trial to study first-line combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor in HIV-1-infected patients.

Objective: To compare one protease inhibitor (PI)-based and two PI-sparing antiretroviral therapy regimens.

Methods: International, open label, randomized study of antiretroviral drug-naive patients, with CD4 lymphocyte counts >/= 200 x 106 cells/l and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels > 500 copies/ml. Treatment assignment to stavudine and didanosine plus indinavir or nevirapine or lamivudine.

Persistent abnormalities in lymphoid tissues of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with virus suppression and immune reconstitution. However, in some patients, this reconstitution is partial or incomplete because CD4(+) cell counts do not increase significantly. This may be due to damage in the microenvironment of lymphoid tissues (LTs), where CD4(+) T cells reside.