Breast Cancer Risk, Screening, and Risk Reduction in Young Females.

Screening and prevention strategies for breast cancer (BC) have focused on women over 40 years of age. While BC prevalence under 40 is low, affected patients have more aggressive cancers and a poorer prognosis. Those with identifiable risk factors may benefit from screening for early detection and prevention strategies.

Initiation of Breast Cancer Screening at a Later Age May Disproportionately Impact Minority Groups: Review of Ohio Data (1996-2022).

Among women with breast cancer, delays in diagnosis and earlier presentation have been documented among minority women. Consequently, initiation of breast cancer screening at a later age may disproportionately harm minority groups. This study seeks to determine whether minority women face a higher proportional risk of younger age breast cancer than their White peers.

Thriving in the Virtual Era: An Organized Approach to Improve Program Visibility and Virtual Residency Interview Process.

Objective: Since residency interviews became virtual due to COVID-19, and likely continue in the future, programs must find ways to improve their non-traditional recruiting methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of a structured, non-traditional approach on visibility and perception of the program as well as virtual interview experience.

Methods: The focus of our approach was to ensure constant engagement while maintaining all pre-interview communication as resident-led and informal.

Blood-Based Multi-Cancer Detection Using a Novel Variant Calling Assay (DEEPGEN): Early Clinical Results.

This is an early clinical analysis of the DEEPGENTM platform for cancer detection. Newly diagnosed cancer patients and individuals with no known malignancy were included in a prospective open-label case-controlled study (NCT03517332). Plasma cfDNA that was extracted from peripheral blood was sequenced and data were processed using machine-learning algorithms to derive cancer prediction scores.

Initial Surgical Treatment for Breast Cancer and the Distance Traveled for Care.

Background: Geography may influence the operative decision-making in breast cancer treatment. This study evaluates the relationship between distance to treating facility and the initial breast cancer surgery selected, identifying the characteristics of women who travel for surgery.

Methods: Utilizing Florida state inpatient and ambulatory surgery databases, we identified female breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 1 to December 31, 2013.

Breast Cancer Stage at Presentation in Ohio: The Effect of Medicaid Expansion and the Affordable Care Act.

Patients presenting with localized breast cancer have a five-year survival of 99 per cent, whereas survival falls to 27 per cent in advanced disease. This obviates the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Our study evaluates the impact of Ohio's Medicaid expansion and the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the stage at which Ohioans were diagnosed with breast cancer.

Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Utilizing a Stapled Side-to-Side Anastomosis is Safe in the Western Patient Population.

Background: There has been an increased utilization of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in an effort to reduce morbidity, decrease length of stay, and improve quality of life. However, there are limited large series of patients undergoing MIE from the United States and no standardized approach. We reviewed our experience with MIE utilizing a stapled side-to-side anastomosis during a 7.

Association Between Clinically Staged Node-Negative Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Overall Survival Benefit From Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation.

Importance: While neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal cancer improves oncologic outcomes for a broad group of patients with locally advanced and/or node-positive tumors, it is less clear which specific subset of patients derives most benefit in terms of overall survival (OS).

Objective: To determine whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation based on esophageal adenocarcinoma histology has similar oncologic outcomes for patients treated with surgery alone when stratified by clinical nodal status.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective analysis using the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database from 1998 to 2006.

Total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer is safe and feasible in the Western population.

Background: There is debate surrounding the use of laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer in the Western population. Here we aim to assess the feasibility and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in consecutive patients in a Western population.

Methods: From 2012 to 2014, retrospective review of 28 patients with clinically staged advanced gastric cancer (≥T3 or ≥N1) treated with laparoscopic resection.

Biopsy techniques for soft tissue and bowel sarcomas.

There is overlap in the clinical presentation of benign soft tissue tumors and soft tissue sarcomas. A preoperative sarcoma diagnosis would allow for consideration for neoadjuvant therapy, including preoperative radiation, as well as optimal surgical treatment planning, and patient counseling. Image guided core needle biopsy is a low morbidity, cost-effective, highly accurate approach for obtaining a definitive pathologic diagnosis.

Laparoscopic distal, subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.

The objective of this study was to show laparoscopic subtotal, distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy as a safe and appropriate method for the resection of advanced gastric cancer. This study was conducted at a designated NCI Cancer Center. Subjects of the study were patients with advanced gastric malignancy, including transmural penetration of the tumor and/or nodal disease, requiring subtotal, distal gastrectomy.

Ablative therapy for esophageal dysplasia and early malignancy: focus on RFA.

Ablative therapies have been utilized with increasing frequency for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus with and without dysplasia. Multiple modalities are available for topical ablation of the esophagus, but radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remains the most commonly used. There have been significant advances in technique since the introduction of RFA.

Hospital-based, acute care encounters after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumours.

Background: The use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for cancer is increasing; however, post-discharge outcomes have not been well described. The aim of the present study was to determine rates of hospital-based, acute care utilization within 30 days of discharge after RFA.

Methods: Using state-level data from California, patients were identified who were at least 40 years of age who underwent RFA of hepatic tumours without a concurrent liver resection from 2007-2011.

Novel senescence associated gene, YPEL3, is repressed by estrogen in ER+ mammary tumor cells and required for tamoxifen-induced cellular senescence.

Estrogen signaling plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis. An increased understanding of estrogen gene targets and their effects will allow for more directed and effective therapies for individuals with breast cancer, particularly those with estrogen receptor positive tumors resistant to tamoxifen therapy. Here, we identify YPEL3 as a growth suppressive protein downregulated by estrogen in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines.

Senescence-associated gene YPEL3 is downregulated in human colon tumors.

Background: Previous work has demonstrated YPEL3 to be a growth-suppressive protein that acts through a pathway of cellular senescence. We set out to determine whether human colon tumors demonstrated downregulation of YPEL3.

Methods: We collected colon tumor samples with matched normal control samples and analyzed them for YPEL3 gene expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and CpG hypermethylation of the YPEL3 promoter by base-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Why YPEL3 represents a novel tumor suppressor.

Yippee-like 3 (YPEL3) was reported in 2004 as one of five family members of the Yippee protein with conservation in species down to slime molds. While reports of other YPEL family members have surfaced our laboratory was the first to report that YPEL3 is induced by the p53 tumor suppressor. Furthermore we demonstrated that YPEL3 is growth suppressive, triggering cellular senescence in human cell lines and is down-regulated in several human tumors.

HdmX overexpression inhibits oncogene induced cellular senescence.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of terminal growth arrest that requires functional p53. Acting to block tumor formation, induction of senescence has also been demonstrated to contribute to tumor clearance via the immune system following p53 reactivation. The Hdm2-antagonist, Nutlin-3a, has been shown to reactivate p53 and induce a quiescent state in various cancer cell lines, similar to the G(1) arrest observed upon RNAi targeting of Hdm2 in MCF7 breast cancer.

YPEL3, a p53-regulated gene that induces cellular senescence.

Cellular senescence, the limited ability of cultured normal cells to divide, can result from cellular damage triggered through oncogene activation (premature senescence) or the loss of telomeres following successive rounds of DNA replication (replicative senescence). Although both processes require a functional p53 signaling pathway, relevant downstream p53 targets have been difficult to identify. Discovery of senescence activators is important because induction of tumor cell senescence may represent a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.