Enhancing the detection of paediatric ankle fractures with zero echo time imaging: A case of an occult salter-harris III ankle fracture.

Paediatric fractures are common in emergency settings, with accurate diagnosis crucial in preventing complications like malunion and early osteoarthritis. Computed Tomography (CT) is often the standard for fracture assessment but involves ionizing radiation, posing added risks for children. Zero Echo Time (ZTE) MRI produces CT-like bone imaging without radiation, offering a safer alternative for paediatric patients.

Effect of evolocumab on carotid plaque composition in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (EVOCAR-1) using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background And Aims: To determine the effect of evolocumab treatment in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis ≥50% on carotid plaque morphology and composition, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery plaque with ≥50% stenosis and low-density lipoprotein-associated cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥1.8 mmol/L, despite standard lipid-lowering therapy, with 12 months of evolocumab or placebo injection every two weeks.

Perioperative research into memory (PRiMe), part 2: Adult burns intensive care patients show altered structure and function of the default mode network.

Background: Long-term cognitive impairment (LTCI) is experienced by up to two thirds of patients discharged from burns intensive care units (BICUs), however little is known about its neurobiological basis. This study investigated if patients previously admitted to BICU showed structural and functional MRI changes of the Default Mode Network (DMN).

Methods: Fifteen patients previously admitted to BICU with a significant burns injury, and 15 matched volunteers, underwent structural and functional MRI scans.

Temperature dependence, accuracy, and repeatability of T and T relaxation times for the ISMRM/NIST system phantom measured using MR fingerprinting.

Purpose: Before MR fingerprinting (MRF) can be adopted clinically, the derived quantitative values must be proven accurate and repeatable over a range of T and T values and temperatures. Correct assessment of accuracy and precision as well as comparison between measurements can only be performed when temperature is either controlled or corrected for. The purpose of this study was to investigate the temperature dependence of T and T MRF values and evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of temperature-corrected relaxation values derived from a B -corrected MRF-fast imaging with steady-state precession implementation using 2 different dictionary sizes.

Understanding lower limb muscle volume adaptations to amputation.

Amputation of a major limb, and the subsequent return to movement with a prosthesis, requires the development of compensatory strategies to account for the loss. Such strategies, over time, lead to regional muscle atrophy and hypertrophy through chronic under or overuse of muscles compared to uninjured individuals. The aim of this study was to quantify the lower limb muscle parameters of persons with transtibial and transfemoral amputations using high resolution MRI to ascertain muscle volume and to determine regression equations for predicting muscle volume using femur- and tibia-length, pelvic-width, height, and mass.

Diffusion-weighted MRI in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Response Marker.

Background Treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer results in a relapse rate of 75%. Early markers of response would enable optimization of management and improved outcome in both primary and recurrent disease. Purpose To assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), derived from diffusion-weighted MRI, as an indicator of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival.

Analysis of ageing-associated grey matter volume in patients with multiple sclerosis shows excess atrophy in subcortical regions.

Age of onset in multiple sclerosis (MS) exerts an influence on the course of disease. This study examined whether global and regional brain volumes differed between "younger" and "older" onset MS subjects who were matched for short disease duration, mean 1.9 years and burden as measured by the MS Severity Score and relapses.

Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia.

SEE BIGLER DOI101093/AWW277 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: Post-traumatic amnesia is very common immediately after traumatic brain injury. It is characterized by a confused, agitated state and a pronounced inability to encode new memories and sustain attention. Clinically, post-traumatic amnesia is an important predictor of functional outcome.

A framework for optimization of diffusion-weighted MRI protocols for large field-of-view abdominal-pelvic imaging in multicenter studies.

Purpose: To develop methods for optimization of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in the abdomen and pelvis on 1.5 T MR scanners from three manufacturers and assess repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimates in a temperature-controlled phantom and abdominal and pelvic organs in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Geometric distortion, ghosting, fat suppression, and repeatability and homogeneity of ADC estimates were assessed using phantoms and volunteers.

Biasing visual selection: functional neuroimaging of the interplay between spatial cueing and feature memory guidance.

The authors investigate the interplay between spatial attention and memory-based feature guidance of visual selection. Three types of guidance were tested: working memory, spatial cueing and passive memory. In all cases the memory-cue was not relevant to a subsequent search task, whilst the spatial cue always provided valid information.

Flow measurement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a multi-centre multi-vendor study of background phase offset errors that can compromise the accuracy of derived regurgitant or shunt flow measurements.

Aims: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows non-invasive phase contrast measurements of flow through planes transecting large vessels. However, some clinically valuable applications are highly sensitive to errors caused by small offsets of measured velocities if these are not adequately corrected, for example by the use of static tissue or static phantom correction of the offset error. We studied the severity of uncorrected velocity offset errors across sites and CMR systems.

Studies of the human oropharyngeal airspaces using magnetic resonance imaging. I. Validation of a three-dimensional MRI method for producing ex vivo virtual and physical casts of the oropharyngeal airways during inspiration.

The oropharyngeal region of the human airways has been scanned using 3D MRI and the data used to produce a model cast. The scanning method used a triggering device, which enabled data collection at the same pressure drop in each breathing cycle to produce clear images free of motion-related artefacts. A comparison between two differing MR acquisition strategies was made in a single subject, multi-session study.

Changes in brain morphology associated with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes hypoxemia and fragmented sleep, which lead to neurocognitive deficits. We hypothesised that focal loss of cortical gray matter generally within areas associated with memory processing and learning and specifically within the hippocampus would occur in OSA.

Methods: Voxel-based morphometry, an automated processing technique for magnetic resonance images, was used to characterise structural changes in gray matter in seven right handed, male patients with newly diagnosed OSA and seven non-apneic, male controls matched for handedness and age.

Differential cortical activation during voluntary and reflexive saccades in man.

A saccade involves both a step in eye position and an obligatory shift in spatial attention. The traditional division of saccades into two types, the "reflexive" saccade made in response to an exogenous stimulus change in the visual periphery and the "voluntary" saccade based on an endogenous judgement to move gaze, is supported by lines of evidence which include the longer onset latency of the latter and the differential effects of lesions in humans and primates on each. It has been supposed that differences between the two types of saccade derive from differences in how the spatial attention shifts involved in each are processed.