PD-1 expressing islet-specific CD4 T cells promote bystander tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.

Loss of T-cell tolerance to multiple islet antigens is a key feature of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the requirement for programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression by CD4 T cells in the maintenance of self-tolerance via bystander suppression of autoreactive CD8 T cells using nonobese diabetic mice. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to selectively knockout PD-1 in islet antigen-specific BDC2.

Assessment of factors influencing the concentration of betacyanin from - using forward osmosis: Concentration of betacyanin using forward osmosis.

Betacyanin is the red-violet pigment possesses potent antiradical and antioxidant properties. Globally, natural colorants have gained much interest than synthetic colours due to their adverse ill effects. The study aimed to assess membrane technology for the concentration of betacyanin pigment from cactus pear employing forward osmosis.

Recent developments and prospects of dioxins and furans remediation.

Rapid urbanization and industrialization of anthropogenic activities have exerted immense pressure on the environment. Polyhalogenated organic compounds, especially dioxins and furans are regarded as ubiquitously persistent environmental pollutants in the ecosystem. The recalcitrant nature of dioxins and furans induce toxicity in both humans and wildlife.