The Utility of Simulation-Based Training in Teaching Frontline Providers Modified Sarnat Encephalopathy Examination: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Limited training in targeted neurological examination makes it challenging for frontline providers to identify newborns with perinatal asphyxia eligible for therapeutic hypothermia. This training is important in the era of telemedicine, where the experts can remotely guide further care of these newborns.

Methods: This randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in a South Indian tertiary hospital.

Group B Streptococcal Colonization among Pregnant Women and Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of maternal and neonatal group B Streptococcal colonization, incidence of neonatal systemic illness, and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a South Indian tertiary care hospital. Rectovaginal swabs from pregnant mothers at 36-37 wk gestation and throat and rectal swabs from their neonates at 48 h of age were collected.

Outcomes and resource usage of infants born at ≤ 25 weeks gestation in Canada.

Objectives: To determine the outcomes and resource usage of infants born at ≤ 25 weeks gestational age (GA).

Methods: Retrospective study of infants born between April 2009 and September 2011 at ≤ 25 weeks' GA in all neonatal intensive care units in Canada with follow-up in the neonatal follow-up clinics. Short-term morbidities, neurodevelopmental impairment, significant neurodevelopmental impairment, and resource utilization of infants born at ≤ 24 weeks were compared with neonates born at 25 weeks.

Prospective study of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and optimal timing of echocardiogram for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Design: In this prospective study, infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks admitted to a tertiary NICU between July 2015 and June 2017 who required positive pressure ventilation or oxygen therapy at ≥28 days of life were evaluated with serial echocardiograms at study enrollment (4-6 weeks of age), 32 weeks (only for ≤25 weeks), 36, and 40 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) for PH.

Results: Of 126 infants (mean birth weight 858 ± 221 g; mean GA 26.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Intracranial Hemorrhages in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Introduction: The risk factors of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) in the context of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and related interventions are unclear.

Objective: This article examines the prevalence and risk factors associated with ICH in neonates with HIE.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study of neonates with HIE in Southern Alberta.

Cover Image, Volume 173A, Number 10, October 2017.

The cover image, by Rani A. Bashir et al., is based on the Original Article Lin-Gettig syndrome: Craniosynostosis expands the spectrum of the KAT6B related disorders, DOI: 10.

Lin-Gettig syndrome: Craniosynostosis expands the spectrum of the KAT6B related disorders.

We report two patients with sagittal craniosynostosis, hypoplastic male genitalia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, thyroid abnormalities, and dysmorphic features which include short palpebral fissures and retrognathia. The clinical presentation of both patients was initially thought to be suggestive of Lin-Gettig syndrome (LGS), a multiple malformation syndrome associated with craniosynostosis that was initially reported in two brothers in 1990, with a third patient reported in 2003. Our first patient was subsequently found through exome sequencing to have a de novo mutation in KAT6B, c.

Parenteral Fish-Oil Lipid Emulsions in the Prevention of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

 Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for brain and retinal maturation. It is not clear if early use of ω-3 fatty acids in the form of fish-oil lipid emulsions (FLEs) prevents retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate whether early administration of parenteral FLEs reduces ROP requiring laser therapy or severe ROP ≥stage 3 in preterm infants.

Implementation of a Neurocritical Care Program: Improved Seizure Detection and Decreased Antiseizure Medication at Discharge in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Background: We report the impact of implementing continuous video electroencephalography monitoring for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy via a protocol in the context of neonatal neuro-critical care program.

Methods: Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were studied retrospectively two years before and after implementing continuous video electroencephalography for 72 hours as a care protocol. Before continuous video electroencephalography, a 60-minute routine electroencephalography was performed at the discretion of the provider.

Chorioamnionitis at birth does not increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disability in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Aim: To compare preterm infants with no bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), BPD with chorioamnionitis (BPDC) and BPD with no chorioamnionitis (BPDNC) for the association with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) at three years corrected age.

Methods: Demographic and outcome data of infants with birthweight (BW) ≤1250 g born during two epochs (1995-2000 and 2002-2007 with an interim washout period of one year) were compared on the basis of whether they had BPD, chorioamnionitis or both. Any NDD was considered present if there was either mild-severe cerebral palsy (CP), cognitive delay, visual or hearing impairment.

Percutaneously Inserted Central Catheter-Related Pleural Effusion in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A 5-Year Review (2008-2012).

Background: Although peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) provide vascular access in newborns who require parenteral nutrition and medications, they can be associated with complications that lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of pleural effusion (PLE) associated with PICC use in a large level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Design/methods: A retrospective review of PICC-related PLE in newborns was conducted over a 5-year period, from 2008-2012.

Association between Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Insertion Site and Complication Rates in Preterm Infants.

Objective To examine whether there is an association between peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) insertion site and complication rates among preterm infants. Design We performed a retrospective analysis of the first PICCs placed in preterm infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit between January 2006 and December 2010. The PICC-related complications resulting in catheter removal were compared based on site of insertion.

Sengers syndrome: six novel AGK mutations in seven new families and review of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of 29 patients.

Background: Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and lactic acidosis. Mutations in the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) gene have been recently described as the cause of Sengers syndrome in nine families.

Methods: We investigated the clinical and molecular features of Sengers syndrome in seven new families; five families with the severe and two with the milder form.

Outcome of scorpion sting envenomation after a protocol guided therapy.

Objective: Scorpion sting (SS) envenomation is a life threatening emergency in children, though not so severe in adults. Attempt to develop protocol using prazosin and dobutamine and few other drugs to treat SS.

Methods: Children aged 0-13 years with a history of scorpion sting were studied.