Engineered monoclonal antibody tobevibart enhances HBsAg capture by Fc receptor-positive cells and activates HBV-specific T cells.

Background & Aims: Effective immune targeting is likely essential for achieving functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Tobevibart, a human monoclonal antibody against hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), neutralizes HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV). This study aimed to characterize effects of the engineered GAALIE Fc of tobevibart on HBV immune responses.

Exploring the association between Cultural and Linguistic Diversity (CALD) on treatment and outcomes in pancreatic cancer: an analysis of PURPLE real-world registry data from an Australian population.

Background: Culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CALD) patients have unique health needs and may face multiple barriers when accessing healthcare. This study explored the association between of CALD status on treatment received and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Data were extracted from the multi-site PURPLE Pancreatic cancer Translational Registry between January 2016 and April 2023.

REMOTE Study: Feasibility and Effectiveness of Telemedicine-based Echocardiography Mentoring in Intensive Care.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and user experiences of real-time remote mentoring for echocardiography in intensive care settings using the Remote Education, Augmented Communication, Training and Supervision (REACTS) telemedicine platform.

Design: Single center, mixed-methods feasibility study with convergent parallel design.

Setting: Adult intensive care unit at Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.

Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on Technology Use in Urinary Care: Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study.

Background: Urinary issues pose a significant burden on health care systems, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance patient care and alleviate the provider burden.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore health care professionals' perceptions of urinary issues and assess their acceptance and readiness to adopt wearable and remote technologies for managing these conditions. The study aimed to identify the attributes and barriers influencing technology integration in clinical practice, using established theoretical frameworks, such as the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

The Ave-Rec Trial: Phase II Trial of PDL1/PD1 Blockade with Avelumab after Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable T3B-4/N1-2 Rectal Cancer.

Purpose: Long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) achieves a pathologic complete response (pCR) in approximately 10% to 30% of cases. Radiotherapy exerts both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Inhibition of PDL1 may augment the immunostimulatory response.

Exploring Real-World Outcomes of First Line EGFR Inhibitor Use, Cetuximab Versus Panitumumab, in Patients with Left-Sided, RAS Wild-Type, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi), most commonly cetuximab and panitumumab, are first-line options for patients with left-sided, RAS wildtype (RASwt) metastatic colorectal cancer. Limited data is available comparing EGFRi outcomes.

Methods: Data for patients diagnosed January 2015 to October 2024 was reviewed from TRACC, a prospective, multi-site Australasian colorectal cancer registry.

Temporal variability in temperate mesophotic ecosystems revealed with over a decade of monitoring with an autonomous underwater vehicle.

Rocky reef temperate mesophotic ecosystems (TMEs) are increasingly recognised for their spatial extent and high biodiversity. Platforms such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) allow large-scale collection of benthic imagery, facilitating descriptions of TMEs, but these efforts currently remain geographically restricted. Furthermore, descriptions of temporal changes in TMEs are extremely rare and typically limited to a single site with few repeated surveys, leaving critical gaps in our understanding of ecosystem variability.

Integrating International Consensus Guidelines for Anticancer Drug Dosing in Kidney Dysfunction (ADDIKD) into everyday practice.

Unlabelled: Part 2 of the International Consensus Guideline on Anticancer Drug Dosing in Kidney Dysfunction (ADDIKD) offers drug-specific consensus recommendations based on both evidence and practical experience. These recommendations build upon the kidney function assessment and classification guidelines established in Part 1 of ADDIKD. Here we illustrate how dosing recommendations differ between ADDIKD and existing guidance for four commonly used drugs: methotrexate, cisplatin, carboplatin and nivolumab.

Targeted splicing approach for alleviation of a neurexin 1 haploinsufficiency model.

NRXN1 encoding the synaptic organizing protein neurexin 1 (Nrxn1) is among the strongest risk genes for autism spectrum disorders as well as other neuropsychiatric disorders. The most common contributing mutation is a deletion in one allele. While mice lacking one form of the protein, Nrxn1α, have been characterized, information is lacking on animal models with heterozygous deletion of all isoforms, as well as on therapeutic approaches directly targeting Nrxn1.

Geomorphological drivers of benthic community distribution on high energy temperate mesophotic and rariphotic reefs.

Current knowledge of mesophotic benthic reef communities has predominantly focused on the distribution of sessile assemblages along the depth gradient. However, the influence of geomorphology on exposure to hydrodynamic processes may independently shape community assemblages, in addition to depth. We examined the distribution of sessile invertebrates at 50-150 m depths on exposed continental shelf reefs within a Marine Park in southwest Tasmania.

Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomized DYNAMIC trial.

Early data from the DYNAMIC study of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-guided adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) versus standard approach met its primary outcome demonstrating reduced ACT use without compromising 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) for stage II colon cancer. We report here other prespecified analyses of overall survival, ctDNA clearance and ctDNA level. At a median follow-up of 59.

A qualitative descriptive study on the perspectives and experiences of multidisciplinary HCPs in providing nutritional care to older adults with cancer.

Objectives: To explore the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for older adults with cancer regarding dietary advice provision and dietetic referral.

Methods: Qualitative descriptive study providing rich descriptions of the experiences of multidisciplinary HCPs in providing care to older adults with cancer, excluding dietitians or nutritionists. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for recruitment.

Safety and feasibility of concomitant scalp cooling and limb cryocompression to prevent paclitaxel-induced alopecia and neuropathy.

Introduction: Scalp cooling is standard-of-care for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), with proven safety and efficacy. Limb cryotherapy has shown promise in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The safe application of concomitant scalp and limb cryotherapies during chemotherapy is crucial due to concerns about potential interactions, including central hypothermia, yet limited data exist on their safe delivery in this context.

Association of glycemic control with Long COVID in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).

Introduction: Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death after acute COVID-19, however the effect of HbA1c on Long COVID is unclear.

Objective: Evaluate the association of glycemic control with the development of Long COVID in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Massively parallel barcode sequencing revealed the interchangeability of capsule transporters in .

Multidrug/oligosaccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide (MOP) family transporters are essential in glycan synthesis, flipping lipid-linked precursors across cell membranes. Yet, how they select their substrates remains enigmatic. Here, we investigate the substrate specificity of the MOP transporters in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis pathway in .

Real-world impact of pembrolizumab availability for deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pembrolizumab became widely available as a first-line (1L) option in Australia following the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) listing in August 2021. The uptake of new treatment options can be lengthy.

Initial Assessment of Resectability of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Versus Clinical Outcome.

Background: Surgery improves long-term survival for resectable, liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). With no consensus definition of "resectable" disease, decisions regarding resectability are reliant on the expertise and judgement of the treating clinician working in consultation with a multidisciplinary team (MDT). This study examines the clinical outcome versus initial assessment of resectability in an Australian population with mCRC.

20 years of the Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology.

The Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology ('the BAR', at https://bar.utoronto.ca) is celebrating its 20th year in operation in 2025.

Cellular and circuit remodeling of the primate foveal midget pathway after acute photoreceptor loss.

The retinal fovea in human and nonhuman primates is essential for high acuity and color vision. Within the fovea lies specialized circuitry in which signals from a single cone photoreceptor are largely conveyed to one ON and one OFF type midget bipolar cell (MBC), which in turn connect to a single ON or OFF midget ganglion cell (MGC), respectively. Restoring foveal vision requires not only photoreceptor replacement but also appropriate reconnection with surviving ON and OFF MBCs and MGCs.

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).

Objective: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19; our objective was to evaluate whether this association is consistent across time and with contemporary viral variants.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data to evaluate incident diabetes risk among COVID-positive adults compared with COVID-negative patients or control patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI).

Insights from an N3C RECOVER EHR-based cohort study characterizing SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and Long COVID.

Background: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has persisted for over 3 years, reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 are not well understood. We aim to characterize reinfection, understand development of Long COVID after reinfection, and compare severity of reinfection with initial infection.

Methods: We use an electronic health record study cohort of over 3 million patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative as part of the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative.

Nephrostomy Tube Versus Ureteral Stent for Obstructing Septic Calculi: A Nationwide Propensity Score-matched Analysis.

Background: Sepsis secondary to obstructive uropathy is a urological emergency that requires urgent decompression using placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) or retrograde ureteric stent (RUS). Whether selection of PCN or RUS impacts mortality remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the 2006-2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of 34,009 patients with sepsis and obstructive uropathy who were treated with RUS or PCN.