Potential novel biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus in first and early second trimesters: A comprehensive review.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the commonly encountered medical disorders of pregnancy affecting women of childbearing age globally at an alarming rate and causing significant perinatal morbidity and adverse fetal outcomes. The intricate interchanges between genetic susceptibility, metabolic changes and environmental factors contribute to the altered β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism leading to hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. However, the precise etiology of GDM remains incompletely understood.

Recent Progress in the Application of Tau Protein Biosensors for Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The microtubule-associated Tau protein is found in the central nervous system (CNS) in six major isoforms. Neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to post-translational changes of Tau, most notably phosphorylation. Tau protein's molecular diversity is highly helpful in the identification of neurodegenerative illnesses.