BIN1 gene replacement reverses BIN1-related centronuclear myopathy.

Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are severe genetic disorders characterized by generalized muscle weakness associated with organelle mispositioning in myofibers. Most CNM cases are caused by mutations in proteins involved in membrane remodeling, including amphiphysin 2 (BIN1). There is no treatment, and the pathological mechanisms are not understood.

Amphiphysin-2 (BIN1) functions and defects in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Amphiphysin-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein also known as bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), playing a critical role in membrane remodeling, trafficking, and cytoskeleton dynamics in a wide range of tissues. Mutations in the gene encoding BIN1 cause centronuclear myopathies (CNM), and recent evidence has implicated BIN1 in heart failure, underlining its crucial role in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Furthermore, altered expression of BIN1 is linked to an increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease and several types of cancer, including breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancers.

MTM1 overexpression prevents and reverts BIN1-related centronuclear myopathy.

Centronuclear and myotubular myopathies (CNM) are rare and severe genetic diseases associated with muscle weakness and atrophy as well as intracellular disorganization of myofibres. The main mutated proteins control lipid and membrane dynamics and are the lipid phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1), and the membrane remodelling proteins amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) and dynamin 2 (DNM2). There is no available therapy.

3D numerical modelling of a pulsed pumping process of a large DNAPL pool: In situ pilot-scale case study of hexachlorobutadiene in a keyed enclosure.

Remediation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) represents a challenging issue because of their persistent behaviour in the environment. This pilot-scale study investigates, by means of in situ experiments and numerical modelling, the feasibility of the pulsed pumping process of a large amount of a DNAPL in an alluvial aquifer. The main compound of the DNAPL is hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), added in 2015 to the persistent organic pollutants list (POP).