Monomicrobial Rothia spp. Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients and Literature Review.

We examined 51 monomicrobial Rothia spp. blood cultures from 2015 to 2024. Seventy-one percent occurred in cancer/hematopoietic cell transplantation patients, of which 97% were treated as true bloodstream infections and 78% followed recent broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Social Media Savvy, It's More Than Just the #Hashtags: How the Use of Social Media in Transplant Infectious Diseases Can Impact the Field and Patients.

Social media provides platforms for transplant infectious diseases (TIDs) clinicians to network, exchange ideas, and educate each other and the broader public. A #TxIDChat on the social media platform X was conducted on the perceptions of social media in TID by the account @TxID_Fellows. This article examines the current usage of social media by TID clinicians, and its role in education, patient outreach, and networking.

Cutaneous legionellosis in an immunocompromised neonate.

Cutaneous Legionella infection is rare and primarily seen in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we present a case of cutaneous and pulmonary legionellosis presenting with fever and erythematous subcutaneous nodules in a neonate with severe combined immunodeficiency. This case underscores the importance of considering this diagnosis and highlights the use of modern testing modalities to promptly diagnose and treat infections in immunocompromised patients.

Prospective External Validation of the Esbenshade Vanderbilt Models Accurately Predicts Bloodstream Infection Risk in Febrile Non-Neutropenic Children With Cancer.

Purpose: The optimal management of fever without severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] ≥500/µL) in pediatric patients with cancer is undefined. The previously proposed Esbenshade Vanderbilt (EsVan) models accurately predict bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in this population and provide risk stratification to aid management, but have lacked prospective external validation.

Materials And Methods: Episodes of fever with a central venous catheter and ANC ≥500/µL occurring in pediatric patients with cancer were prospectively collected from 18 academic medical centers.

Short-Course Empiric Antibiotics in Children Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Fever is common in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Empiric antibiotic (EA) therapy is initiated and often continued until neutrophil engraftment. Prolonged antibiotic exposure reduces microbiome diversity and causes overgrowth of pathogenic organisms, leading to such complications as infections from antibiotic-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile colitis.

Infectious events in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma undergoing evaluation for fever without severe neutropenia.

Background: Infections cause significant treatment-related morbidity during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) therapy. Fevers during periods without severe neutropenia are common, but etiologies are not well-described. This study sought to describe the bloodstream infection (BSI) and non-BSI risk in children undergoing therapy for ALL/LLy.

SARS-CoV-2 in Childhood Cancer in 2020: A Disease of Disparities.

Purpose: The Pediatric Oncology COVID-19 Case Report registry supplies pediatric oncologists with data surrounding the clinical course and outcomes in children with cancer and SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: This observational study captured clinical and sociodemographic characteristics for children (≤ 21 years) receiving cancer therapy and infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the pandemic onset through February 19, 2021. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort were compared with population-level pediatric oncology data (SEER).

Leukoerythroblastosis as an Unusual Presentation of Parvovirus B19 Infection in a Sickle Cell Patient.

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatrics most commonly causes fifth disease, a mild viral illness. Hematologic manifestations include severe anemia, especially in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias or who are immunocompromised. Because of the shortened life span of erythrocytes in patients with sickle cell disease, parvovirus infection can cause transient aplastic crisis which can be life-threatening.

Severe Pediatric COVID-19 Presenting With Respiratory Failure and Severe Thrombocytopenia.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a worldwide pandemic. The severe morbidity and mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 has mostly affected the elderly or those with underlying medical conditions. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl with no past medical history who presented with fever, cough, and vomiting.

The Natural History of Patients With Isolated Metabolic Syndrome.

Objectives: To define the natural history of patients with isolated metabolic syndrome (MS).

Patients And Methods: Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Patients with isolated MS are a subset of patients with MS who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Acute fever and seizure in a patient with recent atrial fibrillation ablation.

Patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation may present critically ill with complications of atrial esophageal fistula, commonly manifesting as neurologic deficits and septicemia difficult to distinguish from other acute etiologies without a high index of suspicion. The temporal variability in fistula formation and symptom presentation, along with their nonspecific features, makes diagnosis often a late finding with historically high morbidity and mortality. We present a patient admitted to a medical intensive care unit with status epilepticus and recurrent positive blood cultures for organisms commonly associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.