Preoperative network activity predicts the response to subthalamic DBS for Parkinson's disease.

Quantitative imaging markers to aid in the selection of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients for surgical interventions such as subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are currently lacking. Using metabolic PET and network analysis we identified and validated a treatment-induced topography, termed STN StimNet. Stimulation-mediated changes in network expression correlated with concurrent motor improvement in independent STN-DBS cohorts scanned on and off stimulation.

Augmented Reality for Identification of Temporal Bone Anatomy and Comparison to Conventional Imaging.

Objective: To design and validate an augmented reality application for identification of temporal bone anatomy.

Background: The anatomy of the temporal bone is highly complex and can present challenges for operative planning and for education of both patients and medical trainees.

Methods: An augmented reality application for visualization and identification of temporal bone anatomy in 3D was developed using Slicer, OpenGL, and Angle libraries on the Augmented Reality on Microsoft HoloLens (AR-MH).

Ultra-low-field portable MRI for assessing ventricular size in pediatric hydrocephalus: a feasibility study.

Objective: Hydrocephalus, characterized by abnormal CSF accumulation, poses diagnostic and management challenges, especially in pediatric patients. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ultra-low-field portable MRI (pMRI) as a supplementary tool for assessing ventricular caliber and radiographic features of hydrocephalus, rather than as a stand-alone diagnostic modality.

Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries.

Despite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite extensive research efforts. This review integrates clinical and preclinical evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychological disorders, focusing on the role of key brain regions in emotional regulation across various forms of brain injuries.

Preoperative network activity predicts the response to subthalamic DBS for Parkinson's disease.

Quantitative imaging markers to aid in the selection of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients for surgical interventions such as subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are currently lacking. Using metabolic PET and network analysis we identified and validated a treatment-induced topography, termed STN StimNet. Stimulation-mediated changes in network expression correlated with concurrent motor improvement in independent STN-DBS cohorts scanned on and off stimulation.

Opportunities and challenges for the use of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of refractory major depression.

Major Depressive Disorder continues to remain one of the most prevalent psychiatric diseases globally. Despite multiple trials of conventional therapies, a subset of patients fail to have adequate benefit to treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment in this difficult to treat population and has shown strong antidepressant effects across multiple cohorts.

A Quantitative Assessment of ChatGPT as a Neurosurgical Triaging Tool.

Background And Objectives: ChatGPT is a natural language processing chatbot with increasing applicability to the medical workflow. Although ChatGPT has been shown to be capable of passing the American Board of Neurological Surgery board examination, there has never been an evaluation of the chatbot in triaging and diagnosing novel neurosurgical scenarios without defined answer choices. In this study, we assess ChatGPT's capability to determine the emergent nature of neurosurgical scenarios and make diagnoses based on information one would find in a neurosurgical consult.

A Novel Portable, Mobile MRI: Comparison with an Established Low-Field Intraoperative MRI System.

 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) using low-magnet field strength has unique advantages for intraoperative use. We compared a novel, compact, portable MR imaging system to an established intraoperative 0.15 T system to assess potential utility in intracranial neurosurgery.

Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: systematic review and pooled quantitative analysis.

Background: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs), formerly hemangiopericytomas (HPCs), are rare, aggressive dural-based mesenchymal tumors. While adjuvant radiation therapy has been suggested to improve local tumor control (LTC), especially after subtotal resection, the role of postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and the optimal SRS dosing strategy remain poorly defined.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines for studies describing postoperative SRS for intracranial SFTs.

Neurobehavioral Impairments Predict Specific Cerebral Damage in Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe form of stroke that can cause unpredictable and diffuse cerebral damage, which is difficult to detect until it becomes irreversible. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable method to identify dysfunctional regions and initiate treatment before permanent damage occurs. Neurobehavioral assessments have been suggested as a possible tool to detect and approximately localize dysfunctional cerebral regions.

Direct-cortical visual evoked potential monitoring during brain tumor resection.

Background: Visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is traditionally regarded as an unreliable evoked potential monitoring technique, precluding widespread use in intracranial neurosurgery. However, VEPs can serve as a useful intraoperative adjunct for real-time detection of mechanical damage to optic apparatuses. The low obtainability and prognostic utility of VEPs are associated with transcranial recording, which typically provides non-focal information and poor signal-to-noise ratio.

An Institutional Experience of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation and a Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) has been suggested to have a similar therapeutic effect when compared with the traditional omnidirectional DBS, but with an improved therapeutic window that yields optimized clinical effect owing to the ability to better direct, or "steer," electric current. We present our single-center, retrospective analysis of our experience in the use of dDBS in patients with movement disorders and provide a review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: We identified all patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) who received a dDBS system between 2018 and 2022 and retrospectively examined characteristics of their longitudinal treatment.

Short and long-term prognostic value of intraoperative motor evoked potentials in brain tumor patients: a case series of 121 brain tumor patients.

Purpose: Iatrogenic neurologic deficits adversely affect patient outcomes following brain tumor resection. Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring allows surgeons to assess the integrity of motor-eloquent areas in real-time during tumor resection to lessen the risk of iatrogenic insult. We retrospectively associate intraoperative transcranial and direct cortical MEPs (TC-MEPs, DC-MEPs) to early and late post-operative motor function to prognosticate short- and long-term motor recovery in brain tumor patients undergoing surgical resection in peri-eloquent regions.

International Survey of Antiseizure Medication Use in Patients with Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A New York Neurotrauma Consortium Study.

Background: Seizures and epilepsy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect quality of life and longevity. Antiseizure medication (ASM) prophylaxis after severe TBI is associated with improved outcomes; these medications are rarely used in mild TBI. However, a paucity of research is available to inform ASM use in complicated mild TBI (cmTBI) and no empirically based clinical care guidelines for ASM use in cmTBI exist.

Meningothelial Hamartoma Overlying a Prior Craniotomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Meningothelial hamartomas are benign lesions of the scalp with a handful of case reports published. Usually thought to be congenital lesions, they have, on occasion, been seen in older adults. In this report, we describe the first ever reported case of a patient diagnosed with a meningothelial hamartoma overlying a prior craniotomy performed two decades prior.

Solitary Pediatric Osteochondroma of the Spine With Cord Compression.

Osteochondromas typically arise in the appendicular skeleton, with axial lesions occurring less commonly. Osteochondroma of the spine resulting in cord compression and symptomatic myelopathy is relatively rare. Most cases are reported in adolescents and adults.

Immunophenotype of Vestibular Schwannomas.

Background: Vestibular schwannomas exhibit a uniquely variable natural history of growth, stability, or even spontaneous regression. We hypothesized that a transitory population of immune cells, or immunomodulation of tumors cells, may influence the growth pattern of schwannomas. We therefore sought to characterize the impact of the immune microenvironment on schwannoma behavior.

Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging for ICU Patients.

Objectives: Patients in ICUs often require neuroimaging to rule out a wide variety of intracranial problems. CT may be available in the ICU itself, but MRI has greater sensitivity for many conditions that affect the brain. However, transporting patients who are on ventilators and other life-sustaining devices is a labor-intensive process and involves placing the patient at risk for adverse events.

Clinical Utility of Preoperative Bilingual Language fMRI Mapping in Patients with Brain Tumors.

Background And Purpose: Previous literature has demonstrated disparity in the postoperative recovery of first and second language function of bilingual neurosurgical patients. However, it is unclear to whether preoperative brain mapping of both languages is needed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of language task functional MRI (fMRI) implemented in both languages in bilingual patients.

Frequency and Evolution of New Postoperative Enhancement on 3 Tesla Intraoperative and Early Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (IO-MRI) provides real-time assessment of extent of resection of brain tumor. Development of new enhancement during IO-MRI can confound interpretation of residual enhancing tumor, although the incidence of this finding is unknown.

Objective: To determine the frequency of new enhancement during brain tumor resection on intraoperative 3 Tesla (3T) MRI.

Deformable MRI-Ultrasound registration using correlation-based attribute matching for brain shift correction: Accuracy and generality in multi-site data.

Intraoperative tissue deformation, known as brain shift, decreases the benefit of using preoperative images to guide neurosurgery. Non-rigid registration of preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) to intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) has been proposed as a means to compensate for brain shift. We focus on the initial registration from MR to predurotomy iUS.