Self-Assessment of Oral Health Status among Adults Residing at Chautara, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal.

Background: Little is known about attitudes and practices regarding oral health of developing countries. This study aimed to determine the self-assessment of oral health status among adults residing at Chautara, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 adults selected by convenience sampling method.

Safety performance of passing zone segments on two-lane rural highways in Pennsylvania: Comparing crash modification factors from causal inference and unobserved heterogeneity models.

Passing zones on two-lane rural highways are marked based on minimum passing sight distance criteria associated with the 85th-percentile speed or posted speed limit along the roadway segment. Although passing-related crashes account for a relatively small proportion of total reported crashes on two-lane rural highways, past research suggests that they tend to result in more severe injuries than non-passing-related crashes. However, the safety performance of roadway segments with passing zones has not been quantified or compared to segments with no passing zones.

Severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with HIV/AIDS: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder marked by immune system dysregulation, leading to a severe inflammatory response that can affect multiple organs. It can be triggered by infections, and HLH secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis remains poorly understood, with uncertain guidelines on immunosuppressive therapy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in preventing fatal outcomes, but challenges in diagnosis complicate this process, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Views and Experiences of Drug and Alcohol Services by Individuals From Migrant, Non-English-Speaking Backgrounds and of Their Service Providers in South Western Sydney, Australia.

People from migrant, non-English-speaking backgrounds face a variety of challenges when settling in Australia. Although evidence suggests that alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among this group is lower than among the general population, individuals from these communities are at increased risk of mental health issues and racial discrimination, which are known risk factors for increased use of alcohol and other drugs. This study aimed to address current gaps in the literature by using a qualitative methodology to explore the lived experiences of AOD clients who are from migrant, non-English-speaking backgrounds in terms of access to and utilization of AOD services.

The low-density lipoprotein debate: indirect methods vs direct measurement in the Nepalese population.

Introduction: Many clinical laboratories use indirect estimation methods for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) because of cost and practicality. This study compared the accuracy of indirect LDL-C estimates derived from the Friedewald, Puavilai, Hatta, and Martin equations in a Nepalese population.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 7750 patients who underwent lipid profile testing at the Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, from February 1 to July 31, 2021.

Utilization of oral health care services and perceived barriers among adults residing in Jiri, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Utilization of oral health services on a regular basis is essential for addressing any oral health problem and preventing the development of more serious concerns. However, there exist some barriers that directly impact utilization of dental services, like cost, lack of awareness, anxiety or dental fear, accessibility and availability of dental services. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine dental service utilization and perceived barriers among adults residing in Jiri, Nepal.

Perceptions of clinicians on promoting oral health care in an alcohol and other drug use health care service: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Alcohol and illicit drug use is linked to a higher prevalence of oral health complications. However, substance use can lead to avoidance of dental services due to anxiety and competing health priorities. This study explores current knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinicians of an alcohol and other drug service regarding promoting oral health among their clients.

The Association of Physical Activity With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Nepalese Adults: Evidence From a Nationwide Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey.

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity levels, overweight/obesity, and T2DM in a nationwide survey of Nepalese adults.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the 2019 non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors STEPS survey conducted in Nepal.

Lapsi (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt & A.W.Hill): A review on traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities.

Lapsi ( (Roxb.) B.L.

Qualitative Methodology in Translational Health Research: Current Practices and Future Directions.

Translational health research is an interdisciplinary field aimed at bridging the gap between basic science studies, preventative studies, and clinical practice to improve health-related outcomes. Qualitative research methods provide a unique perspective on the emotional, social, cultural, and contextual factors that influence health and healthcare and thus are recognized as valuable tools for translational health research. This approach can be embedded within a mixed method design which complements the quantitative findings.

Association of socio-demographic factors and personal hygiene with infectious childhood dermatoses.

Background: Paediatric dermatoses vary vastly from adult dermatoses in terms of clinical presentation, management, and prognosis thereby generating special interest in this field. Many factors like geographical area, climatic exposure, seasons, culture, socioeconomic factors, hygiene, dietary habits, literacy influences pattern of skin diseases in children resulting in marked variation in prevalence and pattern.

Objectives: This study aims to find out association of socio-demographic factors and personal hygiene with infectious childhood dermatoses.

Evaluation of the usability, content, readability and cultural appropriateness of online alcohol and other drugs resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in New South Wales, Australia.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the usability, content, readability and cultural appropriateness of alcohol and other drugs (AODs) resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Outcome Measures: The content of 30 AOD resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples was analysed according to the following criteria: general characteristics; elements of graphical design and written communication; thoroughness and content; readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Gunning Fog index (Fog), Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook and Flesch Reading Ease); and cultural appropriateness.

Results: Most resources displayed good usability, depicted by the use of headings and subheadings (n=27), superior writing style (n=19), relevant visuals (n=19) and use of colour support (n=30).

A randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase III clinical trial assessing safety and immunological non-inferiority of Vi-diphtheria toxoid versus Vi-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy volunteers in eastern Nepal.

Typhoid remains one of the major serious health concerns for children in developing countries. With extremely drug-resistant cases emerging, preventative measures like sanitation and vaccination, including typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) remain the mainstay in its prevention and control. Different types of TCVs are being developed to meet the global demand.

Enhancing the Performance of Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester Using Curve-Shaped Attachments on the Bluff Body.

This paper presents a piezoelectric wind energy harvester that operates by a galloping mechanism with different shaped attachments attached to a bluff body. A comparison is made between harvesters that consist of different shaped attachments on a bluff body; these include triangular, circular, square, Y-shaped, and curve-shaped attachments. Simulation of the pressure field and the velocity field variation around the different shaped bluff bodies is performed and it is found that a high pressure difference creates a high lift force on the bluff body with curve-shaped attachments.

Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Adipogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal.

Introduction: Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, , , , , and .

Methods: We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.

Oral health-care needs among clients receiving alcohol and other drugs treatment-A scoping review.

Issues: Poor oral health is a significant problem among people who access alcohol and other drugs (AOD) health services, yet little is known about their oral health-care needs and whether any interventions and guidelines are implemented within AOD treatment services.

Approach: A scoping review was conducted to identify scientific literature in three focus areas: oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of clients and clinicians at AOD-related services; oral health guidelines for AOD clinicians; and interventions that describe clinicians promoting oral health among clients.

Key Findings: Thirty-two reports were identified.

Developing and pilot testing an oral health screening tool for diabetes care providers.

Background: People with poorly managed diabetes are at greater risk of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease that is not effectively managed can affect glycaemic levels. Diabetes care providers, including general practitioners and diabetes educators, are encouraged to promote oral health of their clients.

Effectiveness of oral health promotion interventions for people with type 2 diabetes delivered by non-dental health care professionals: a systematic review.

Background: Oral health problems among people with diabetes mellitus are an emerging public health problem. Despite the rising concerns of oral health and diabetes mellitus comorbidity, there is a lack of dental health care professionals such as dentists, to address this problem, especially at the primary care level in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This review systematically synthesizes the current evidence in terms of the involvement of non-dental health care professionals in promoting oral health among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and assessed the effectiveness of such programs.

Profile of children with cerebral palsy at a tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal.

Background: The clinical spectrum of Cerebral palsy (CP) can differ in various places depending upon knowledge of the people and resources for prevention, diagnosis and management. Although studied extensively in high-resource countries, adequate data related to CP from resource-constraint settings are lacking. This study aims to describe the profile of children with CP at a tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.

(Brum.) Merr. (Rutaceae): Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities.

(Burm). Merr. (family Rutaceae), commonly known as Pomelo, is an ethnomedicinally, pharmacologically, and phytochemically valued species.