Anatomical variants of nasal cavities and nasal septum in Nepalese patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center.

Background: Variants of nasal septum and structures of nasal cavity are key in nasal surgeries, with some linked to certain pathologies. This study aims to determine their prevalence in the Nepali population at our hospital.

Method: A retrospective, cross section study was conducted at a private hospital in Nepal with 342 adults (aged >13).

Distinguishing omphalocele from pseudo-omphalocele, highlighting the ultrasonography pitfall: a case report.

Background: Omphalocele is a congenital anomaly where abdominal contents herniate through a defect in the fetal abdominal wall, covered by peritoneum and amnion. It is associated with high mortality and other anomalies. Pseudo-omphalocele is a potential pitfall in antenatal ultrasonography, where a transient bulge of abdominal contents may appear owing to factors such as a contracted uterus, placenta, or excessive transducer pressure.

Critical anatomical variants in preoperative computed tomography of paranasal sinuses in a tertiary care center: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Certain anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) predispose to injury of surrounding critical structures during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and the occurrence of common pathologies like sinusitis. However, they are often not reported in preoperative computed tomography (CT).

Methods: The CT scan of PNS and head of 360 adults (age > 13 years) were retrospectively evaluated for variants of cribriform plate, olfactory fossa, lamina papyracea, uncinate process, sphenoid pneumatization, and anterior ethmoid artery by 4 radiologists with experience of 3 to 6 years.

Grey matter hypertropia in a child with recurrent seizure: A case report.

Heterotopia is a common anomaly of cortical development often associated with early-onset and familial epilepsy. Grey matter heterotopias are macroscopically classified into nodular and diffuse types and clinically categorized as subependymal, subcortical, or band heterotopia. They are frequently associated with other neurological conditions, such as corpus callosum agenesis, pachygyria, schizencephaly, polymicrogyria, Chiari II malformation, and basilar cephalocele.

Incidental left paraaortic mass in a patient with gall bladder adenocarcinoma: A diagnostic challenge.

Incidental adrenal masses are frequently detected due to the extensive use of cross-sectional imaging, with about 3% to 7% of adults estimated to have them. Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL), rare tumors originating from paraganglia tissues, including the adrenal medulla, continue to be imaging mimics, necessitating a multimodal approach for accurate diagnosis. We report a case of 72-years male presenting with intermittent pain abdomen for the past 1 year.

Incidental imaging detection of Kartagener syndrome in a female: A case report.

Kartagener syndrome is a rare ciliopathic genetic disorder characterized by a triad of chronic sinusitis, situs inversus, and bronchiectasis. The underlying pathophysiology involves reduced ciliary motility due to defects in ciliary structure and function within the respiratory tract and fallopian tubes. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and echocardiograms, which reveal the abnormal orientation of the heart and other organs.

Unveiling the anomaly: Scimitar syndrome in a middle-aged female patient.

Hypogenetic lung syndrome, commonly known as Scimitar syndrome, is a rare cardiopulmonary anomaly characterized primarily by anomalous pulmonary venous return and lung hypoplasia. While it is most frequently diagnosed in infancy or early childhood, cases in adulthood are exceedingly rare. We present a case of a middle-aged female who was diagnosed with Scimitar syndrome.

Navigating diagnostic challenges in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A case report.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and varied clinical manifestations and nonspecific radiological findings. We here describe a 67-year-old man with right hypochondriac pain, where imaging revealed irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall, prompting consideration of various differential diagnoses including gallbladder malignancy, adenomyomatosis, and complicated cholecystitis. With inconclusive lab results, cholecystectomy with potential extended hepatectomy was advised.

Unveiling diagnostic challenges: A case report of noncontagious vertebral involvement in spinal tuberculosis mimicking metastasis.

Spinal tuberculosis usually involves intervertebral disc, pardiscal vertebra and has associated perivertebral collection. Involvement of vertebral body including the posterior element, noncontagious vertebral involvement and sparing of intervertebral discs is typical of metastasis. Index case, a 19 years old Nepali patient presented to our hospital with complaints of severe backache.

Case report on serohepatic tuberculosis (frosted liver): Clinical presentation, imaging, diagnosis, and management.

Hepatic tuberculosis can manifest in various forms, including parenchymal, serohepatic, tuberculous cholangitis and mixed form. Isolated hepatic tuberculosis, specifically in the form of serohepatic tuberculosis, is very rare. Patients with hepatic tuberculosis often present with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, night fever, night sweats, hepatomegaly, and abnormal liver function tests.

Evaluation of circulating plasma miR-9, miR-29a, miR-192, and miR-375 as potential biomarkers for predicting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Nepali adult population.

Circulating plasma miRNAs have emerged as potential early predictors of glucometabolic disorders. However, their biomarker potential remains unvalidated in populations with diverse genetic backgrounds, races, and ethnicities. This study aims to validate the biomarker potential of plasma miR-9, miR-29a, miR-192, and miR-375 for early detection of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nepali populations that represent distinct genetic backgrounds, races, and ethnicities.

A pea in a peculiar place: Unusual case of left upper lobe bronchial foreign body.

Key Clinical Message: Foreign body aspiration is common in old age, sometimes lodged in unusual locations like the left upper lobe bronchus when aspiration happens in a recumbent position. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool, while flexible bronchoscopy is effective for removing the foreign body.

Abstract: Tracheo-bronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA) is common in children and elderly, but often goes unnoticed due to vague symptoms and atypical imaging findings.

Trans-abdominal fetal reduction in higher order multiple pregnancies: a pioneer cohort retrospective study in Nepal.

Objective: To share the initial experience of trans-abdominal multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) in Nepal.

Method: The procedure was performed in 108 patients in a private hospital over a period of 3 years. Under ultrasound guidance, intracardiac injection of 0.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system tuberculosis: A pictorial review.

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a post-primary form of tuberculosis. It has high mortality and morbidity rates despite early diagnosis and treatment. CNS tuberculosis can manifest as subacute/chronic meningitis, parenchymal tuberculous lesions, and spinal tuberculosis.

Evaluation of variations of optic nerve course in relation to posterior paranasal sinuses in MDCT in a tertiary care center of Nepal: a retrospective cross-section study.

Background: The proximity of optic nerves to the posterior paranasal sinuses (PNS) is a critical consideration in preventing optic nerve injuries during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 367 patients aged 13 years and above. Four radiologists, each with 2-6 years of experience, evaluated computed tomography scans of the PNS and the head of these patients.

Delayed presentation of congenital sigmoid colon stenosis: a rare entity.

Congenital sigmoid colon stenosis is a rare entity that can mimic Hirschsprung disease. Presentation of congenital colon stenosis is usually within first few weeks of life. Our case presented with features of distal bowel obstruction at 2 years of age with the history of chronic constipation and progressive abdominal distention from first week of life and bilious vomiting for the last 1 week.

Ischemic Portal Venous Gas and Pneumatosis Intestinalis Managed Conservatively in a Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease and Warfarin Induced Coagulopathy: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Mesenteric ischemia is a surgical emergency. The presence of hepatic portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis is a frequent finding in computed tomography. Not all hepatic portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis are due to mesenteric ischemia.

Hashimoto thyroiditis in a lingual thyroid: An interesting case.

Key Clinical Message: Whenever an enlarging mass is seen in throat, possibility of lingual thyroid should be considered. Thyroid function test should be done whenever ectopic thyroid is detected. Imaging (ultrasonography or Tc-99m scintigraphy) is adequate for diagnosis.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in a young female presenting with dysmenorrhea: A case report.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome, popularly known by acronym of obstructed hemivagina with ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) is a rare Müllerian and Wolffian duct anomaly. The syndrome is classically described as triad of uterine didelphy, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The symptoms are seen after menarche.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: A case report.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital abnormality. It comprises the triad of thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, aplasia or hypoplasia of anterior pituitary gland, and absent or ectopic posterior pituitary gland. The patient usually presents with a spectrum of symptoms predominantly secondary to anterior pituitary hormonal deficiency.

Von Hippel Lindau Disease with central nervous system and multiple visceral manifestations: A case report.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the VHL gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 3. Patients with VHL are likely to manifest with a spectrum of multiple benign and malignant tumors involving various organ systems. We present a case of a 28-year-old female without a remarkable family history who presented with complaints of hematuria and abdominal discomfort.