Deciphering tumour microenvironment and elucidating the origin of cancer cells in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has an East Asian preponderance. It is associated with endometriosis, a benign condition where endometrial (inner lining of the uterus) tissue is found outside the uterus and on the peritoneal surface, in the abdominal or pelvic space. CCC is relatively more resistant to conventional chemotherapy compared to other ovarian cancer subtypes and is associated with a poorer prognosis.

Enterovirus-A71 preferentially infects and replicates in human motor neurons, inducing neurodegeneration by ferroptosis.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the neuropathology of EV-A71 and its mechanism, as the current models mainly utilize animal models or immortalized cell lines. In this study, we established a human motor neuron model for EV-A71 infection.

A novel antisense lncRNA, ARBAG harboring an RNA destabilizing GWAS variant for C-peptide dictates the transcript isoforms of GABRA6 in cerebellum.

Human disease-associated genetic variations often map to long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes; however, elucidation of their functional impact is challenging. We previously identified a new genetic variant rs4454083 (A/G) residing in exon of an uncharacterized lncRNA ARBAG that strongly associates with plasma levels of C-peptide, a hormone that regulates insulin bioavailability. On the opposite strand, rs4454083 also corresponds to an intron of a cerebellum-specific GABA receptor subunit gene GABRA6 that mediates strengthening of inhibitory synapses by insulin.

Diversification of reprogramming trajectories revealed by parallel single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility sequencing.

Cellular reprogramming suffers from low efficiency especially for the human cells. To deconstruct the heterogeneity and unravel the mechanisms for successful reprogramming, we adopted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-Seq) to profile reprogramming cells across various time points. Our analysis revealed that reprogramming cells proceed in an asynchronous trajectory and diversify into heterogeneous subpopulations.

Parallel bimodal single-cell sequencing of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility.

Joint profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within single cells allows for the deconstruction of the complex relationship between transcriptional states and upstream regulatory programs determining different cell fates. Here, we developed an automated method with high sensitivity, assay for single-cell transcriptome and accessibility regions (ASTAR-seq), for simultaneous measurement of whole-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within the same single cell. To show the utility of ASTAR-seq, we profiled 384 mESCs under naive and primed pluripotent states as well as a two-cell like state, 424 human cells of various lineage origins (BJ, K562, JK1, and Jurkat), and 480 primary cord blood cells undergoing erythroblast differentiation.

Large scale changes in the transcriptome of Eisenia fetida during regeneration.

Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. Herein, we report the transcriptomic changes in Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate) during regeneration.

Correction: Delivery and evaluation of participatory education for animal keepers led by veterinarians and para-veterinarians around the Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Delivery and evaluation of participatory education for animal keepers led by veterinarians and para-veterinarians around the Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Aim: We aim to investigate local perceptions of animal health challenges; current animal health knowledge; and methods to provide effective, relevant education to animal keepers in the Kanha Tiger Reserve area.

Materials And Methods: A farmer education programme was undertaken in the Kanha Tiger Reserve area. Local animal health priorities were investigated through participatory village meetings (n = 38), individual animal keeper questionnaires (n = 100) and a written survey of local paravets (n = 16).

Regulation of ERVs in pluripotent stem cells and reprogramming.

Recent advances in our understanding of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) regulation and its functional aspects have provided us with vast power to unravel its role in the host's genome. Co-evolutionary model of ERVs and Kruppel associated box-Zinc Finger Proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) provides a deeper knowledge of how the genome is shaped during the course of evolution. However, the role of ERVs in normal cellular function still remains an enigma.

Molecular insights into RNA-binding properties of Escherichia coli-expressed RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.

Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV) is responsible for morbidity of the Indian non-mulberry silkworm, A. mylitta. AmCPV belongs to the family Reoviridae and has 11 double-stranded (ds) RNA genome segments (S1-S11).

Stability of Two Antifungal Agents, Fluconazole and Miconazole, Compounded in HUMCO RECURA Topical Cream to Determine Beyond-Use Date.

A novel compounding vehicle (RECURA) has previously been proven to penetrate the nail bed when compounded with the antifungal agent miconazole or fluconazole, providing for an effective treatment for onychomycosis. In this study, miconazole and fluconazole were compounded separately in RECURA compounding cream, and they were tested at different time points (0, 7, 14, 28, 45, 60, 90, and 180 days) to determine the beyond-use date of those formulations. The beyond-use date testing of both formulations (10% miconazole in RECURA and 10% fluconazole in RECURA) proved them to be physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable under International Conference of Harmonisation controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ±5%) for at least 180 days from the date of compounding.

Presence and transport of the antimicrobials triclocarban and triclosan in a wastewater-dominated stream and freshwater environment.

The presence of the antimicrobials triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS)in Fountain Creek, a wastewater-dominated stream, and the Arkansas River, Colorado, USA was measured in the surface water, suspended sediments, and bed sediments during spring runoff (high flow) and summer base flow (low flow) conditions. Fountain Creak is a tributary of the Arkansas River. Passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used along with active sampling (water grab samples) to measure and TCS concentrations in these surface waters.