Effect of temporary suspension of chronic immunosuppressive drugs on day-90 mortality and ICU-acquired infections among critically Ill patients with solid organ transplant: a retrospective multicenter study.

Purpose: Decision-making for management of immunosuppressive drugs in solid organ transplant patients admitted to the ICU remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a temporary suspension strategy (interruption of immunosuppressive drugs > 24h) on day-90 mortality and ICU-acquired infections.

Methods: This multicenter observational retrospective study conducted in solid organ transplant patients admitted to nine ICUs used a Bayesian approach with priors based on a belief elicitation process conducted among a panel of experts.

Correction: Impact of non-invasive oxygen reserve index versus standard SpO2 monitoring on peripheral oxygen saturation during endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: Protocol for the randomized controlled trial NESOI2.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Hydrocortisone and arginine vasopressin in post-resuscitation shock: the HYVAPRESS trial.

Background: Acute circulatory failure after successfull resuscitation of cardiac arrest remains challenging and multifactorial. As the main driver of early mortality after restoration of spontaneous circulation, its therapeutic management essentially relies on fluids administration and vasopressive support using noradrenaline. Data also support the potential impact of a hormonal defect in this setting.

Risk, rate or rhythm control for new onset supraventricular arrhythmia during septic shock: protocol for the CAFS multicentre, parallel-group, open-label trial.

Introduction: New-onset supraventricular arrhythmia (NOSVA) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with septic shock and is associated with haemodynamic alterations and increased mortality rates. With no data available from randomised trials, clinical practice for patient management varies widely. In this setting, rate control or rhythm control could be beneficial in limiting the duration of shock and preventing evolution to multiorgan dysfunction.

Early bacterial co-infections and ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections among intubated patients during the first and second COVID-19 waves: a European comparative cohort study.

Background: The management of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alongside logistical constraints, evolved between the first and subsequent COVID-19 waves. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary co-infections and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) across the first and second waves of the pandemic, and to characterize their microbiology.

Methods: Latter part of a multicenter retrospective European cohort analysis conducted in 35 ICUs.

Process-Specific Blood Biomarkers and Outcomes in COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 ARDS (APEL-COVID Study): A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are often considered separate clinico-radiological entities. Whether these conditions also present a single process-specific systemic biomolecular phenotype and how this relates to patient outcomes remains unknown. A prospective cohort study was conducted, including adult patients admitted to the ICU and general floors for COVID-19-related (COVID+) or non-COVID-19-related (COVID-) acute respiratory failure during the main phase of the pandemic.

Resilience after severe critical illness: a prospective, multicentre, observational study (RESIREA).

Background: Critical-illness survivors may experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and quality-of-life impairments. Resilience may protect against psychological trauma but has not been adequately studied after critical illness. We assessed resilience and its associations with PTSD and quality of life, and also identified factors associated with greater resilience.

The Effect of Targeted Hyperoxemia on Brain Immunohistochemistry after Long-Term, Resuscitated Porcine Acute Subdural Hematoma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Epidemiological data suggest that moderate hyperoxemia may be associated with an improved outcome after traumatic brain injury. In a prospective, randomized investigation of long-term, resuscitated acute subdural hematoma plus hemorrhagic shock (ASDH + HS) in 14 adult, human-sized pigs, targeted hyperoxemia (200 < PO < 250 mmHg vs. normoxemia 80 < PO < 120 mmHg) coincided with improved neurological function.

C-Metabolic flux analysis detected a hyperoxemia-induced reduction of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in granulocytes during two models of porcine acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic shock.

Introduction: Supplementation with increased inspired oxygen fractions has been suggested to alleviate the harmful effects of tissue hypoxia during hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury. However, the utility of therapeutic hyperoxia in critical care is disputed to this day as controversial evidence is available regarding its efficacy. Furthermore, in contrast to its hypoxic counterpart, the effect of hyperoxia on the metabolism of circulating immune cells remains ambiguous.

Impact of daily cyclic enteral nutrition versus standard continuous enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in three intensive care units in France (DC-SCENIC).

Introduction: Current guidelines on clinical nutrition of ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) recommend initiating continuous enteral nutrition within 48 hours of ICU admission when feasible. However, discontinuous feeding regimens, alternating feeding and fasting intervals, may have an impact on clinical and patient centred outcomes. The ongoing "Impact of daily cyclic enteral nutrition versus standard continuous enteral nutrition in critically ill patients" (DC-SCENIC) trial aims to compare standard continuous enteral feeding with daily cyclic enteral feeding over 10 hours to evaluate if implementing a fasting-mimicking diet can decrease organ failure in ventilated patients during the acute phase of ICU management.

Covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in mechanically ventilated patients: incidence and outcome in a French multicenter observational cohort (APICOVID).

Background: Recent studies identified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) but produced conflicting data on IPA incidence and impact on patient outcomes. We aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study in consecutive adults admitted to 15 French intensive care units (ICUs) in 2020 for COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation.

Enteral citrulline supplementation versus placebo on SOFA score on day 7 in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: the IMMUNOCITRE randomized clinical trial.

Background: Restoring plasma arginine levels through enteral administration of L-citrulline in critically ill patients may improve outcomes. We aimed to evaluate whether enteral L-citrulline administration reduced organ dysfunction based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and affected selected immune parameters in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial of enteral administration of L-citrulline versus placebo for critically ill adult patients under invasive mechanical ventilation without sepsis or septic shock was conducted in four ICUs in France between September 2016 and February 2019.

Prophylactic platelet transfusion response in critically ill patients: a prospective multicentre observational study.

Background: Response to prophylactic platelet transfusion is suspected to be inconsistent in critically ill patients questioning how to optimize transfusion practices. This study aimed to describe prophylactic platelet transfusion response, to identify factors associated with a suboptimal response, to analyse the correlation between corrected count increment and platelet count increment and to determine the association between poor platelet transfusion response and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This prospective multicentre observational study recruited patients who received at least one prophylactic platelet transfusion in one of the nine participating intensive care units for a period up to 16 months.

Long-term immunosuppressive treatment is not associated with worse outcome in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for septic shock: the PACIFIC study.

Background: Except in a few retrospective studies mainly including patients under chemotherapy, information regarding the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for septic shock is scarce. Accordingly, the PACIFIC study aimed to asses if immunosuppressive therapy is associated with an increased mortality in patients admitted to the ICU for septic shock.

Methods: This was a retrospective epidemiological multicentre study.

Feasibility Assessment of a Biomarker-Guided Kidney-Sparing Sepsis Bundle: The Limiting Acute Kidney Injury Progression In Sepsis Trial.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a biomarker-guided implementation of a kidney-sparing sepsis bundle (KSSB) of care in comparison with standard of care (SOC) on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis.

Design: Adaptive, multicenter, randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Five University Hospitals in Europe and North America.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of TREM-1 inhibition with nangibotide in patients with COVID-19 receiving respiratory support: the ESSENTIAL randomised, double-blind trial.

Background: Activation of the TREM-1 pathway is associated with outcome in life threatening COVID-19. Data suggest that modulation of this pathway with nangibotide, a TREM-1 modulator may improve survival in TREM-1 activated patients (identified using the biomarker sTREM-1).

Methods: Phase 2 double-blind randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy, safety, and optimum treatment population of nangibotide (1.