Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Management: Integrating Novel Therapies, Technologies, and Adjunctive Approaches.

In type 1 diabetes, a condition that necessitates lifelong exogenous insulin replacement, there is heavy reliance on technology-assisted insulin delivery and glucose monitoring. Yet, people living with type 1 diabetes still face dysglycemia, weight gain, vascular complications, ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia, and psychological distress. Cardiovascular and kidney disease remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, yet traditional risk factors (smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia) incompletely explain this excess burden.

Altered brain function and structure in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Despite the aggressive clinical trajectory of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) and consistent evidence of cognitive dysfunction and poor brain health in adults with T2D, the impact of Y-T2D on brain function and structure is understudied.

Design: This study aimed to characterize brain function and structure in a cross-sectional sample of young people with Y-T2D and compare these brain attributes to peers with obesity alone (OB) or healthy weight (HW) without T2D.

Methods: Brain structure and function were measured via magnetic resonance imaging.

Relationships among biological sex, body composition, and bone mineral density in young persons with and without diabetes.

Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by factors including age, sex, body composition, and diabetes. However, data regarding these relationships in young individuals is limited. The objective of this study was to address this gap in the literature.

Unveiling mechanisms underlying kidney function changes during sex hormone therapy.

BACKGROUNDMen with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience faster kidney function decline than women. Studies in individuals undergoing sex hormone therapy suggest a role for sex hormones, as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increases with feminizing therapy and decreases with masculinizing therapy. However, effects on measured GFR (mGFR), glomerular and tubular function, and involved molecular mechanisms remain unexplored.

Unraveling Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immunometabolism.

Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy production and are implicated in numerous diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Current evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction results in alterations in several metabolic pathways within kidney cells, thereby contributing to the progression of DKD. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction can engender an inflammatory milieu, leading to the activation and recruitment of immune cells to the kidney tissue, potentially perturbing intrarenal metabolism.

Attenuated kidney oxidative metabolism in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUNDIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), impaired insulin sensitivity may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) through alterations in kidney oxidative metabolism.METHODSYoung adults with T1D (n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, MRI, 11C-acetate PET, kidney biopsies, single-cell RNA-Seq, and spatial metabolomics to assess this relationship.RESULTSParticipants with T1D had significantly higher glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness compared with HCs.

Proteomic Analysis Uncovers Multiprotein Signatures Associated with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Key Points: Proteomics analyses identified seven proteins predictive of time to development of albuminuria among youth with type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth cohort, 118 proteins predictive of time to development of hyperfiltration, and three proteins predictive of time to rapid eGFR decline. Seven proteins were predictive of all three outcomes (SEM4A, PSB3, dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase, C1RL1, T132A, pyruvate carboxylase, and C1-esterase inhibitor) and have been implicated in immune regulatory mechanisms, metabolic dysregulation, proteostasis, and cellular signaling pathways. Elastic net Cox proportional hazards model identified distinct multiprotein signatures (38–68 proteins) of time to albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and rapid eGFR decline with concordance for models with clinical covariates and selected proteins between 0.

Survival rates in comprehensive conservative care compared to dialysis therapy in elderly end-stage kidney disease patients: a propensity score analysis.

Initiating dialysis therapy in elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a challenging decision. We aimed to examine the mortality rates among elderly patients who underwent hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or comprehensive conservative care. This retrospective cohort study included elderly patients (≥70 years) with ESKD who selected their treatment options from January 2008 to December 2018.

Deciphering the kidney hemodynamic effects of SGLT2 inhibition: translating insights from rats to humans in type 2 diabetes.

The attenuation of glomerular hyperfiltration is posited to be a principal mechanism underlying the kidney protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease. Notably, the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney hemodynamic function has been posited to vary between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The study by Wada et al.

Care Bundles to Improve Hemoperfusion Performance in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.

Hemoperfusion (HP) is employed to modulate cytokine storms in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, requiring careful attention for success and safety. Therefore, we investigated whether our care bundles could enhance HP performance. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on adult patients (≥20 years old) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Insulin Secretion, Sensitivity, and Kidney Function in Young Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: β-Cell dysfunction and insulin resistance magnify the risk of kidney injury in type 2 diabetes. The relationship between these factors and intraglomerular hemodynamics and kidney oxygen availability in youth with type 2 diabetes remains incompletely explored.

Research Design And Methods: Fifty youth with type 2 diabetes (mean age ± SD 16 ± 2 years; diabetes duration 2.

Efficacy of the Cytokine Adsorption Therapy in Patients with Severe COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia: Lesson Learned from a Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia can activate a cytokine storm. Hemoperfusion can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis but is still debated in the COVID-19 setting. Thus, we sought to investigate the benefits of HA-330 cytokine adsorption through clinical and laboratory outcomes.

Correction: Narongkiatikhun et al. Immunogenicity and Safety of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 among Hemodialysis Patients: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. 2023, , 175.

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...

Immunogenicity and Safety of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 among Hemodialysis Patients: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection are considered the most promising approach to modulating the pandemic. There is scarce evidence on the efficacy and safety of different vaccine prime-boost combinations in MHD patients since most clinical trials have used homologous mRNA vaccine regimens.

Methods: This prospective observational study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of homologous CoronaVac (SV-SV), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) (AZ-AZ), and the heterologous prime-boost of SV-AZ, among MHD patients.

Mitochondrial dynamics and diabetic kidney disease: Missing pieces for the puzzle of therapeutic approaches.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication among diabetic patients. Once the DKD has developed, most of the patients inevitably progress to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many new therapeutic strategies have attempted to demolish the root of the pathogenesis of DKD, the residual risks of ESRD still remained.