Comprehensive evaluation of 2,4-D dimethylammonium toxicity in rice field crabs (Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis).

2,4-D dimethylammonium is a widely used herbicide known for its environmental persistence and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the toxicological impacts of 2,4-D dimethylammonium on rice field crabs (Somanniathelphusa bangkokensis), focusing on morphological, biochemical, and histological alterations. Crabs were exposed to varying concentrations of 2,4-D dimethylammonium (210-378 mg/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.