Comparative Analysis of Labral Repair Characteristics in Patients Treated for Anterior versus Posterior Instability.

Background: Direct comparisons of the demographic and clinical risk factors between patients with anterior and posterior glenohumeral instability are uncommon.

Purpose: To identify and compare demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables in patients receiving arthroscopic labral repair for anterior and posterior shoulder instability.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Two-Year Functional and Radiographic Outcomes Following Large Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy in Stemless Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Series.

Background: Despite debate over the optimal surgical management of the subscapularis in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA), no prior studies have reported 2-year functional and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing stemless aTSA with a large lesser tuberosity osteotomy.

Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who underwent stemless aTSA with a large lesser tuberosity osteotomy at a single institution with minimum 2-year follow-up was done. Patient demographics and outcomes were recorded, including active range of motion standardized subscapularis strength testing, and complication rates.

Acceptability of biologic treatments to patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the acceptability of biologic treatments for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.

Methods: This is a survey-based analysis of treatment acceptability of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. Preoperatively, we collected demographics and survey responses.

Epidemiology of Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgeries in Major and Minor League Baseball Pitchers: A Descriptive Study of 2281 Cases.

Background: Injuries of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) among baseball pitchers are increasing. Surgical treatment is evolving to optimize outcomes.

Purpose/hypothesis: This study's purpose was to highlight trends in MUCL repair and reconstruction in professional pitchers, describe outcomes such as return to any level of play (RTP), and identify factors impacting these outcomes.

Risk Factors for an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Resulting in Surgery: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of 305 Professional Baseball Pitchers.

Background: The number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) surgical procedures in professional baseball players continues to increase.

Hypothesis: Performance, injury history, physical characteristics, pitching velocity, elbow torque, and amount of pitching are associated with the risk of a UCL injury resulting in surgery.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Accuracy of implant placement after preoperative planning using Blueprint software in inlay and onlay reverse total shoulder arthroplasty systems: a cadaver study.

Background: Accurate implant placement is desirable in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). Prior studies have focused on the accuracy of patient-specific glenoid implant placement, with little data on humeral preparation. This study quantified both glenoid and humerus implant placement, with specific focus on differences between inlay and onlay humeral implant systems.

The association between tendon quality and clinical outcomes in rotator cuff repair.

Background: Rotator cuff tendon injuries often necessitate surgical intervention to restore function and alleviate pain. The integrity of the tendon-specifically its quality, the extent of tendon loss, and the presence of delamination-may influence postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between these tendon characteristics and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after rotator cuff tendon repair.

Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Bone Grafting for Severe Glenoid Defects in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-up.

Background: The outcomes of bone grafting for severe glenoid defects in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) are unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to describe the intermediate-term outcomes of glenoid bone grafting in RSA for severe glenoid defects utilizing a baseplate with a long central post.

Methods: All patients who underwent glenoid bone grafting for severe glenoid defects during RSA from 2008 to 2018, with a minimum of 5-year follow-up, were included.

Musculoskeletal Findings of the Major League Baseball Combine: A Description of the "Normal" Prospective Professional Baseball Player.

Background: Major League Baseball (MLB) recently instituted a combine for their prospective players.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to report initial epidemiological findings for both physical examination and imaging findings for the MLB Combine. It was hypothesized that most players would have no significant abnormal physical examination findings, but most would have abnormal findings on their shoulder and elbow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current Evidence and Techniques on Infection Diagnosis and Treatment.

The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty is increasing with rapidly expanding indications. Although the procedure is becoming increasingly successful, complications do occur. Prosthetic joint infection of the shoulder (PJIS) is a devastating complication that requires dedicated efforts for diagnosis and eradication.

Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current Evidence and Techniques on Infection Prevention.

The incidence and indications for shoulder arthroplasty are expanding. Although the procedure is generally successful, complications can occur. One of the most devastating is prosthetic joint infection of the shoulder.

Ultrasound-Guided Iliopsoas Tenotomy for Iliopsoas Tendon Impingement: Surgical Technique in Cadaveric Models.

Iliopsoas tendon impingement after total hip replacement has been reported with an incidence of up to 8.3%. Iliopsoas tendon impingement has also been observed in young active patients engaged in extreme sports.

Outcomes of Revision Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Professional Baseball Players: An Analysis of 191 Pitchers From 2010 to 2023.

Background: The number of medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) reconstructions is increasing. The epidemiology surrounding revision MUCL reconstructions in professional baseball players has not been well defined.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose was to report the epidemiology of revision MUCL reconstruction in professional baseball players.

Return to Play Throwing Programs.

Injuries in overhead throwers are common, and there are limited data on return to throw programs in the literature. This article outlines the criteria that baseball players should meet before initiating throwing and further describes an evidence-based throwing program that can be utilized to aid in the rehabilitation of overhead athletes and optimize chances of returning to same level of throwing. These guidelines may be used for rehabilitation after injury is treated operatively or nonoperatively.

Does dynamically tensioning suture alter outcomes after rotator cuff repair?

Background: Dynamically tensioning suture is now available as an alternative to traditional static tendon-repair sutures. The purpose of this study was to compare rotator cuff repair (RCR) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between repairs performed using dynamic and static suture.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent rotator cuff repair by a single surgeon at an academic institution between 2016 and 2022.

Short-term functional, imaging, and electrodiagnostic outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted lower trapezius transfer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term functional outcomes, structural healing, and neuromuscular activity after arthroscopy-assisted lower trapezius transfer for irreparable posterior superior rotator cuff tears.

Methods: All patients who underwent arthroscopy-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for an irreparable posterior superior rotator cuff tear between 2017 and 2021 by 2 surgeons with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were identified. Functional outcome scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form [ASES] score, visual analog scale [VAS] for pain), range of motion, shoulder strength, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess transfer healing, and needle electromyographic (EMG) examination to assess lower trapezius muscle activity were performed at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.

The influence of scapular orientation on the medial scapula corpus angle in snapping scapula syndrome.

Background: Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) can result in crepitus and painful scapulae during motion and may be treated with bursectomy and/or superomedial angle resection. The medial scapula corpus angle (MSCA) measures blade curvature on a transverse plane below the suprascapular fossa and may indicate SSS, yet a large overlapping range in MSCA exists between patients with and without SSS. This study quantified the effects of 3-dimensional scapula orientation in the imaging field, and the resulting variability in scapula type and MSCA.

Cost analysis of dermal allograft patch utilization in rotator cuff repair.

Background: To perform an analysis of intraoperative costs associated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) acellular dermal allograft patch augmentation and interposition.

Methods: This was a matched cohort retrospective cost identification analysis. We identified patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR with acellular dermal allograft patch augmentation or interposition between 2014 and 2023 at a single academic center.

The value of an open biopsy in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.

Background: Determining the presence of bacteria in the shoulder prior to shoulder arthroplasty can be challenging especially in the case of revision arthroplasty. An open biopsy provides an opportunity to obtain tissue samples with minimal patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to characterize the diagnostic utility of an open shoulder biopsy.

Examining the Prevalence of Sports-Related Injuries in Collegiate Baseball Players.

Background: Sports-related injuries remain a significant problem for collegiate baseball players. Although some studies reported the epidemiology of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players, the latest information on sport-related injuries should be provided.

Purpose: To examine the current trends of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players in the Pacific 12 (PAC-12) Conference.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Rehabilitation and Throwing Programs.

The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament injuries has increased over the past decade. As a result, the rate of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction has increased dramatically at all levels of competition in overhead athletes. Currently, there is no consensus on milestones during rehabilitation or a largely agreed-upon structured throwing program after ulnar collateral ligament injuries.

Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Reconstruction.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) complex is integral for valgus elbow stability, especially in individuals engaged in repetitive overhead activities such as throwing. MUCL injuries often necessitate surgical intervention to restore elbow stability. Early studies reporting outcomes after MUCL repair demonstrated suboptimal return to play compared with ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, prompting a shift toward reconstruction techniques.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair.

Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow is a problem most associated with baseball pitchers but can be a challenging pathology for any overhead throwing athlete. The prevalence of these injuries has been steadily increasing over the past several decades, as has the need for surgical management. Surgical reconstruction has long been considered the gold standard for complete ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwers, but repair has surfaced as a viable option for younger patients or those with isolated proximal or distal injuries with good tissue quality.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow is the primary stabilizer against valgus load. It can tear acutely or through attritional damage as in repetitive overhead sports. Although baseball players, particularly pitchers, are the most vulnerable athletes, these injuries also occur in contact athletes, gymnasts, and javelin throwers.

Tenascin C deletion impairs tendon healing and functional recovery after rotator cuff repair.

The biological factors that affect healing after rotator cuff repair (RCR) are not well understood. Genetic variants in the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin C (TNC) are associated with impaired tendon healing and it is expressed in rotator cuff tendon tissue after injury, suggesting it may have a role in the repair process. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of TNC on tendon healing after RCR in a murine model.