Hepatotoxicity of Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Hepatotoxicity from oncologic drugs represents an increasing clinical burden for patients, providers, and the health care system. The complexity of clinical presentations, multi-drug regimens, and the need to control the underlying cancer while preserving liver function, results in significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. These challenges are best met with a careful and systematic approach with multi-disciplinary management decisions between oncology and hepatology providers.

Unmet needs in the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B infection.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a global problem despite effective tools to prevent, diagnosis, and control it. Unmet needs are identifiable across its clinical care cascade, underlining the challenges providers face in delivering effective care for patients with chronic hepatitis B. The review herein will focus on three timely clinical issues in HBV.

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus: What an Internist Needs to Know: Serologic Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a bloodborne infection which affects approximately 1.6 million persons in the U.S.

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stress: untangling the host immune response from clinical outcomes.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health challenge on the global scale. Affecting hundreds of millions worldwide, HBV is a leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical outcomes from chronic HBV infection are varied and appear to be influenced by a complex and dysregulated host immune response.

Hepatitis B virus evades innate immunity of hepatocytes but activates cytokine production by macrophages.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes specifically and causes immune-mediated liver damage. How HBV interacts with the innate immunity at the early phase of infection, either with hepatocytes or other cells in the liver, remains controversial. To address this question, we utilized various human cell-culture models and humanized Alb-uPA/SCID mice.

Human stem cell-derived hepatocytes as a model for hepatitis B virus infection, spreading and virus-host interactions.

Background & Aims: One major obstacle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) research is the lack of efficient cell culture system permissive for viral infection and replication. The aim of our study was to establish a robust HBV infection model by using hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells.

Methods: HLCs were differentiated from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Early Kinetics of the HLA Class I-Associated Peptidome of MVA.HIVconsv-Infected Cells.

Unlabelled: Cytotoxic T cells substantially contribute to the control of intracellular pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we evaluated the immunopeptidome of Jurkat cells infected with the vaccine candidate MVA.HIVconsv, which delivers HIV-1 conserved antigenic regions by using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA).