Role of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Modulating Nutrient Subcellular Distribution in Wheat Grown in Mn-Toxic Soil.

Heavy metal toxicity leads to impaired crop growth and reduced crop yields and product quality by disrupting plant nutrient uptake, inhibiting development, inducing oxidative stress, and causing cellular toxicity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play a crucial role in crops' adaptation to manganese (Mn) toxicity by regulating nutrient uptake and altering subcellular compartmentalization. The present study examines the influence of intact extraradical mycelia (ERMs) from native AMF on wheat () grown in Mn-toxic soil, with a focus on the tissue-specific and subcellular Ca, Mg, P, and Mn distribution.

Mycorrhizal Colonization of Wheat by Intact Extraradical Mycelium of Mn-Tolerant Native Plants Induces Different Biochemical Mechanisms of Protection.

Soil with excess Mn induces toxicity and impairs crop growth. However, with the development in the soil of an intact extraradical mycelia (ERM) from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic to native Mn-tolerant plants, wheat growth is promoted due to a stronger AMF colonization and subsequent increased protection against Mn toxicity. To determine the biochemical mechanisms of protection induced by this native ERM under Mn toxicity, wheat grown in soil from previously developed (LOL) or (ORN), both strongly mycotrophic plants, was compared to wheat grown in soil from previously developed (SIL), a non-mycotrophic plant.

The chemistry behind the body art: unveiling the elemental profile and heavy metal content of natural tattoos and dyes by ICP-MS.

Temporary tattoos and dyes are increasing popularity as an alternative to permanent ones. However, knowledge on its elementary composition is scarce and, this scientific gap can potentially make them a source of heavy metal exposure on humans. The present research aimed to explore the possibility of using the inorganic chemical signature to characterize natural pigments-based products and to evaluate the heavy metal content in jagua temporary tattoos and henna temporary hair dyes and tattoos.

Understanding the chemical and mineralogical composition of commercial henna and jagua tattoos and dyes-a multi-analytical approach.

Temporary tattoos and dyes constitute a great analytical challenge in relation to the regulatory control of their ingredients. Most of these commercial products are not labeled according to their content and their chemical nature is highly diverse. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze these complex samples to evaluate the potential presence of metallic impurities, to ensure the safety of cosmetic products contributing to health protection.

A multi-analytical characterization of fourteenth to eighteenth century pottery from the Kongo kingdom, Central Africa.

Pottery traditions reflect the socioeconomic framework of past cultures, while the spatial distribution of pottery indicates exchange patterns and interaction processes. Material and earth sciences are employed here to determine raw material sourcing, selection and processing. The Kongo kingdom, internationally renowned since the late fifteenth century, is one of the most famous precolonial states in Central Africa.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Multi-element Signatures of the Estuarine Non-indigenous Bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum.

Filter-feeder bivalves such as non-indigenous Ruditapes philippinarum absorb and accumulate metals, resulting in multi-element profiles. The goal of this study was to analyse spatial and temporal distributions of the multi-element signatures in R. philippinarum populations of the Tagus and Sado estuaries (SW coast, Portugal).

Toxic levels of manganese in an acidic Cambisol alters antioxidant enzymes activity, element uptake and subcellular distribution in Triticum aestivum.

In the Montado system, in Portuguese Alentejo region, some Eutric Cambisols are known to promote manganese (Mn) toxicity in wheat. Variation on bioavailable Mn concentration depends on soil acidity, which can be increased by natural events (e.g.

Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat Roots Reveals a Differential Regulation of Stress Responses Related to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Disturbance.

Symbioses with soil microorganisms are central in shaping the diversity and productivity of land plants and provide protection against a diversity of stresses, including metal toxicity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form extensive extraradical mycelial networks (ERM), which are very efficient in colonizing a new host. We quantified the responses of transcriptomes of wheat and one AMF partner, , to soil disturbance (Undisturbed vs.

Natural limestone discolouration triggered by microbial activity-a contribution.

Colour is a major argument that drives the decision of an architect in a specific architecture project and one of the most important characteristics and perceptible aspects of natural building stones. "Blue" limestones are building rocks, with different geological ages, typically used in several countries, and are known for their vulnerability to alteration, which causes colour change and the occurrence of unaesthetic patterns. Owing to this vulnerability, the conservation-restoration works in monuments, or new buildings constructed with "blue" limestone is extremely costly.

A Micro-Analytical Study of the Scarabs of the Necropolis of Vinha das Caliças (Portugal).

Five scarabs and one scaraboid found in Vinha das Caliças 4 (Beja, Portugal) were analyzed using a micro-analytical methodology in order to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. Microstructural characterization and chemical analysis revealed that all were composed of a white body of crushed feldspathic sand covered by a lead-rich, alkaline-depleted silicate blue-green glaze showing evident signs of glass deterioration. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, handheld X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and micro X-ray diffraction results show that blue-green color of the glaze was produced by using copper ions (Cu2+) in conjunction with the lead antimonate bindheimite, a yellow-colored opacifier.

Stereoselective Reduction of Imines with Trichlorosilane Using Solid-Supported Chiral Picolinamides.

The stereoselective reduction of imines with trichlorosilane catalyzed by chiral Lewis bases is a well-established procedure for the synthesis of enantio-enriched amines. Five supported cinchona-based picolinamides have been prepared and their activity tested in a model reaction. The comparison of different supporting materials revealed that polystyrene gave better results than silica in terms of stereoselectivity.