Non-edible onion skin waste as a source of bioactive agents for functional foods development: Chemical composition and multifunctional bioactivity.

Onion skin, often discarded during processing, remains rich in bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids. This study assessed phenolic extraction (37 °C, 60 min) from and cultivars, using 70:30 ethanol:water. Extracts were rich in phenolics (103-155 mg/g), mainly quercetin and quercetin-4'--glucoside (61-67 %), and showed strong O (IC = 26-27.

Cell-free and cell-based antidiabetic effects and chemical characterization of rice bran from Thai cultivars.

Rice bran is a valuable by-product of rice milling, prized for its nutritional value and health benefits. This study investigates the antidiabetic properties of rice bran from fifteen commercially available Thai rice cultivars (six brown, four red and five purple). Bran samples were initially screened on their antioxidant potential and ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, as well as on γ-oryzanol levels, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.

Mexican calea (Calea zacatechichi Schltdl.) interferes with cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways and causes neuroglial toxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The use of "Mexican calea" (Calea zacatechichi Schltdl.) in ritualistic ceremonies, due to its dream-inducing effects, was until recently limited to indigenous communities in Mexico. However, the plant has recently gained popularity in Western societies being commonly used in recreational settings.

Marine-Derived Leads as Anticancer Candidates by Disrupting Hypoxic Signaling through Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Inhibition.

The inadequate vascularization seen in fast-growing solid tumors gives rise to hypoxic areas, fostering specific changes in gene expression that bolster tumor cell survival and metastasis, ultimately leading to unfavorable clinical prognoses across different cancer types. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) emerge as druggable pivotal players orchestrating tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, thus positioning them as prime targets for cancer treatment. A range of HIF inhibitors, notably natural compounds originating from marine organisms, exhibit encouraging anticancer properties, underscoring their significance as promising therapeutic options.

An integrated approach on the enzymatic and antioxidant mechanisms of four commercially available essential oils ( and ) traditionally used topically for their anti-inflammatory effects.

Despite the increasing number of essential oils being reported on their potential therapeutic effects, some remain relatively unknown on their biological properties. That is the case of the essential oils obtained from copaiba ( L.), wintergreen ( Wall.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle of Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Nanophytosomes as Therapeutic Approach.

The development of new therapeutic options for Parkinson's disease (PD) requires formulations able to mitigate both brain degeneration and motor dysfunctions. Nanophytosomes, an oral mitochondria-targeted formulation developed with membrane polar lipids and elderberry anthocyanin-enriched extract, promote significant brain benefits on a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. In the present work, the effects of Nanophytosome treatment on the skeletal muscle tissues are disclosed.

Antifungal Activity of : From the Chemical Composition to the Mitochondrial Toxic Effects and Tyrosinase Inhibition.

Pest resistance against fungicides is a widespread and increasing problem, with impact on crop production and public health, making the development of new fungicides an urgent need. Chemical analyses of a crude methanol extract (CME) of leaves revealed the presence of sugars, phospholipids, phytosterols, guieranone A, porphyrin-containing compounds, and phenolics. To connect chemical composition with biological effects, solid-phase extraction was used to discard water-soluble compounds with low affinity for the C18 matrix and obtain an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) that concentrates guieranone A and chlorophylls, and a methanol fraction (MF) dominated by phenolics.

An Experimental Approach to Address the Functional Relationship between Antioxidant Enzymes and Mitochondrial Respiratory Complexes.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic oxidative stress are pathological biomarkers interlinked in several chronic diseases and cellular toxicity promoted by high-energy radiation or xenobiotics. Thus, assessing the activities of the mitochondrial redox chain complexes and the cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in the same cell culture system is a valuable approach to addressing the challenge of chronic diseases or unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of physical and chemical stress agents. The present article gathers the experimental procedures to obtain, from isolated cells, a mitochondria-free cytosolic fraction and a mitochondria-rich fraction.

Kitul, a food plant with antidiabetic-like effects: Reduction of intracellular reactive species in glucose-stimulated RIN-5F pancreatic β-cells and mitigation of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Kitul (Caryota urens L.) inflorescences are broadly used for sweet sap production in Asian countries and Kitul food products are known as being suitable for diabetic patients. Considering the strong ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, we hypothesize that kitul antidiabetic properties might also involve the modulation of inflammatory pathways and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage.

Vasorelaxant Mechanism of Herbal Extracts from , , and in the Aorta of Wistar Rats.

(MS) (CC) (TP) and (SV) are used in Morocco to treat hypertension. Our aim was to characterize the composition and vasoreactivity of extracts of MS, CC, TP and SV. The chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of MS, SV and TP, and of a hydromethanolic extract of CC, were identified by HPLC-DAD.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Olive Oil Polyphenols-The Role of Oleacein and Its Metabolites.

The anti-inflammatory potential of oleacein, the main polyphenolic compound found in olive oil, and its main metabolites were characterized by their effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and by their ability to inhibit enzymes of the arachidonic acid metabolism with a key role in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Oleacein at 12.

Brain Effects of -Nanophytosomes on a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease-A Proof of Concept for a Mitochondria-Targeted Therapy.

Mitochondria are an attractive target to fight neurodegenerative diseases due to their important functions for cells and the particularly close relationship between the functional connectivity among brain regions and mitochondrial performance. This work presents a mitochondria-targeted therapy designed to modulate the functionality of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipidome, parameters that are affected in neurodegeneration, including in Parkinson's disease (PD). This therapy is supported by -Nanophytosomes constructed with membrane polar lipids, from , and elderberry anthocyanin-enriched extract, from L.

A Pipeline for Natural Small Molecule Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

The homeostasis of eukaryotic cells is inseverable of that of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The main function of this organelle is the synthesis and folding of a significant portion of cellular proteins, while it is also the major calcium reservoir of the cell. Upon unresolved ER stress, a set of stress response signaling pathways that are collectively labeled as the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated.

New Insight on the Bioactivity of Linn. Growing in Basilicata Region (Italy): Phytochemical Characterization, Liposomal Incorporation, and Antioxidant Effects.

Food extract's biological effect and its improvement using nanotechnologies is one of the challenges of the last and the future decades; for this reason, the antioxidant effect of scarlet eggplant extract liposomal incorporation was investigated. Scarlet eggplant ( L.) is a member of the Solanaceae family, and it is one of the most consumed vegetables in tropical Africa and south of Italy.

Mitochondria research and neurodegenerative diseases: On the track to understanding the biological world of high complexity.

From the simple unicellular eukaryote to the highly complex multicellular organism like Human, mitochondrion emerges as a ubiquitous player to ensure the organism's functionality. It is popularly known as "the powerhouse of the cell" by its key role in ATP generation. However, our understanding of the physiological relevance of mitochondria is being challenged by data obtained in different fields.

Trichilia catigua and Turnera diffusa phyto-phospholipid nanostructures: Physicochemical characterization and bioactivity in cellular models of induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity.

Flavonoid-based therapies supported by nanotechnology are considered valuable strategies to prevent or delay age-related and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Egg yolk phospholipids were combined with flavonoid-rich extracts obtained from Trichilia catigua A.Juss.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and UHPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS characterization of polyphenols in the leaves of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White and cytotoxicity to gastric carcinoma cells.

Among several extracts from species from Guinea-Bissauan flora, the hydroethanol extract obtained from the leaves of gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White.) revealed to be one of the most cytotoxic towards human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

Topical fixed-dose combinations: Current in vitro methodologies for pre-clinical development.

The combination of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in the same dosage form - fixed-dose combination products - for topical administration represents a promising therapeutic approach for treating several pathologies, including pain. The pre-clinical development of fixed-dose combination products aims to characterize the interactions between the different APIs and ensure that the final medicinal product has the required safety characteristics. To this end, there are several regulatory accepted in vitro tests to assess the safety of medicinal products intended for cutaneous administration.

In vivo methodologies to assist preclinical development of topical fixed-dose combinations for pain management.

The combination in a fixed dose of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in the same pharmaceutical dosage form is an approach that has been used successfully in the treatment of several pathologies, including pain. In the preclinical development of a topical fixed-dose combination product with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for pain management, the main objective is to establish the nature of the interaction between the different active pharmaceutical ingredients while obtaining data on the medicinal product safety and efficacy. Despite the improvement of in vitro assays, animal models remain a fundamental strategy to characterise the interaction, efficacy and safety of active pharmaceutical ingredients at the physiological level, which cannot be reached by in vitro assays.

Exploring the Biotechnological Value of Marine Invertebrates: A Closer Look at the Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of and .

and were profiled for proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids (FA), carotenoids, radical scavenging activity on the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and iron and copper chelating properties. had the highest level of moisture and crude protein, was enriched in crude fat and ash. Both species had similar levels of carbohydrates and energy.

Homarine Alkyl Ester Derivatives as Promising Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.

Reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are key therapeutic tools to modulate the cholinergic connectivity compromised in several degenerative pathologies. In this work, four alkyl esters of homarine were synthesized and screened by using Electrophorus electricus AChE and rat brain AChE-rich fraction. Results showed that all homarine alkyl esters are able to inhibit AChE by a competitive inhibition mode.

Biosynthetic versatility of marine-derived fungi on the delivery of novel antibacterial agents against priority pathogens.

Despite the increasing number of novel marine natural products being reported from fungi in the last three decades, to date only the broad-spectrum cephalosporin C can be tracked back as marine fungal-derived drug. Cephalosporins were isolated in the early 1940s from a strain of Acremonium chrysogenum obtained in a sample collected in sewage water in the Sardinian coast, preliminary findings allowing the discovery of cephalosporin C. Since then, bioprospection of marine fungi has been enabling the identification of several metabolites with antibacterial effects, many of which proving to be active against multi-drug resistant strains, available data suggesting also that some might fuel the pharmaceutical firepower towards some of the bacterial pathogens classified as a priority by the World Health Organization.

Activation of caspase-3 in gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. fruit and characterization of its phenolic fingerprint by HPLC-DAD-ESI(Ion Trap)-MS and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

While the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. are important in African countries as a local trade product, their composition remains scarcely investigated.