Addressing intra- and inter-institution variability of a radiomic framework based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease, making tailored treatment approaches challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), notably diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the derived Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps, plays a crucial role in PCa characterization. In this context, radiomics is a very promising approach able to disclose insights from MRI data.

Can we predict pathology without surgery? Weighing the added value of multiparametric MRI and whole prostate radiomics in integrative machine learning models.

Objective: To test the ability of high-performance machine learning (ML) models employing clinical, radiological, and radiomic variables to improve non-invasive prediction of the pathological status of prostate cancer (PCa) in a large, single-institution cohort.

Methods: Patients who underwent multiparametric MRI and prostatectomy in our institution in 2015-2018 were considered; a total of 949 patients were included. Gradient-boosted decision tree models were separately trained using clinical features alone and in combination with radiological reporting and/or prostate radiomic features to predict pathological T, pathological N, ISUP score, and their change from preclinical assessment.

Is whole-body magnetic resonance imaging a source of anxiety in oncological patients?

Objective: Magnetic resonance often produces feelings of anxiety before, or during, the examination. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety and potential causes of anxiety in cancer patients undergoing whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI).

Methods: This monocentric study recruited 70 cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo WB-MRI for detection, staging or therapy monitoring.

Cystic Fibrosis, New Frontier: Exploring the Functional Connectivity of the Brain Default Mode Network. Comment on Elce et al. Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions: A New Field for Research and Management of Cystic Fibrosis. 2020, , 489.

We read with great interest the paper entitled "Impact of physical activity of cognitive functions: a new field for research and management of Cystic Fibrosis" by Elce et al. [..

In-bore MRI targeted biopsy.

Clinical suspicion of Prostate Cancer (PCa) is largely based on increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or positive imaging and, up today, biopsy is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. The old model consisted of Standard Biopsy (SBx), that is random sampling of the prostate gland under ultrasound guidance (TRUS), in subjects with clinical suspicion of PCa. This involves the risk of not diagnosing a high percentage of tumors (up to 30%) and of an incorrect risk stratification.

Preliminary observations regarding the expectations, acceptability and satisfaction of whole-body MRI in self-referring asymptomatic subjects.

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction of asymptomatic subjects who self-referring Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) for early cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Subjects completed a pre-examination questionnaire, while waiting for their WB-MRI examination, recording demographics, expected discomfort, perceived knowledge and usefulness of the procedure and health risk perceptions, as well as a post-examination questionnaire, measuring discomfort experienced, acceptability and satisfaction with WB-MRI. We examined which factors influenced discomfort and satisfaction associated with WB-MRI.

MRI-based radiomics signature for localized prostate cancer: a new clinical tool for cancer aggressiveness prediction? Sub-study of prospective phase II trial on ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (AIRC IG-13218).

Objectives: Radiomic involves testing the associations of a large number of quantitative imaging features with clinical characteristics. Our aim was to extract a radiomic signature from axial T2-weighted (T2-W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole prostate able to predict oncological and radiological scores in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: This study included 65 patients with localized PCa treated with radiotherapy (RT) between 2014 and 2018.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects of the general population: review and recommendations.

Background: The number of studies describing the use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for screening of malignant tumours in asymptomatic subjects is increasing. Our aim is to review the methodologies used and the results of the published studies on per patient and per lesion analysis, and to provide recommendations on the use of WB-MRI for cancer screening.

Main Body: We identified 12 studies, encompassing 6214 WB-MRI examinations, which provided the rates of abnormal findings and findings suspicious for cancer in asymptomatic subjects, from the general population.

Correlation of dose with toxicity and tumour response to Y- and Lu-PRRT provides the basis for optimization through individualized treatment planning.

Purpose: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Y-labelled and Lu-labelled peptides is an effective strategy for the treatment of metastatic/nonresectable neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Dosimetry provides important information useful for optimizing PRRT with individualized regimens to reduce toxicity and increase tumour responses. However, this strategy is not applied in routine clinical practice, despite the fact that several dosimetric studies have demonstrated significant dose-effect correlations for normal organ toxicity and tumour response that can better guide therapy planning.