Impact of proning with and without inhaled pulmonary vasodilators and neuromuscular blocking agents in COVID acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: A major cause of mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, moderate to severe ARDS induced by COVID-19 (COVID ARDS) and other viral and non-viral etiologies are treated by traditional ARDS protocols that recommend 12-16 hours of prone position ventilation (PPV) with neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and a trial of inhaled vasodilators (IVd) if oxygenation does not improve. However, debate on the efficacy of adjuncts to PPV and low tidal volume ventilation persists and evidence about the benefits of IVd/NMBA in COVID ARDS is sparse.

A population-based study of cause-specific mortality in First Nations Australians with cirrhosis: impact of cardiometabolic comorbidities and liver disease risk factors.

Background: Liver disease is an important contributor to high mortality in First Nations Australians. We describe cause-specific mortality by First Nations status in people with cirrhosis.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort analysis of all adults with cirrhosis admitted to hospitals in the state of Queensland (2007-2022).

SUZ12-Nucleic Acid Interactions Constrain PRC2 Activity to Maintain Targeted Gene Silencing Essential to Diffuse Midline Glioma.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediates transcriptional silencing through trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), an epigenetic modification critical for development and frequently altered in cancer. Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) bearing the histone H3 K27M mutation exhibit global loss of H3K27me3 due to dominant inhibition of PRC2 by the mutant histone. Despite widespread hypomethylation, focal retention of H3K27me3 persists, and tumor cells maintain dependency on residual PRC2 activity for proliferation.

The systematic status of (Chace, 1966) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae): morphological and molecular evidence.

(Chace, 1966) was originally described from three specimens collected from Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic, and assigned to Leach, 1814. It is a poorly known species, and until now, no new records have been reported. Recently, this species was transferred to a new genus, Muñoz, García-Raso, González, Lopes, dos Santos & Cuesta, 2023, based exclusively on morphology.

Fetal MRI and postnatal findings of severe infantile cortical hyperostosis: A case report of prenatal Caffey disease with literature review.

Caffey disease, also known as infantile cortical hyperostosis, is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by self-limited cortical bone hyperostosis and soft tissue swelling, typically presenting within the first 6 months of life. We report a rare case of prenatal Caffey disease, with fetal MRI imaging and postnatal radiographs demonstrating the hallmark findings of severe cortical hyperostosis. A current review of literature details the varied sporadic and familial origins of infantile cortical hyperostosis revealing a genetic link with a mutation of the COL1A1 gene coding for type 1 collagen.

Surviving Hepatitis C-Understanding Death and Survival Beyond Cure.

Background And Aims: Cure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection decreases liver- and all-cause mortality. However, the risk of early mortality after HCV cure remains. We examined factors associated with cause-specific mortality after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy.

Qualitative risk analysis of invasive pathogens spreading via raw water transfers in the UK.

Raw water transfers (RWT) are artificial movements of untreated water, often constructed from areas of high supply and low demand to areas of low supply and high demand for potable water, industry and irrigation, but also to meet environmental requirements, such as to maintain river flow. Increasing demands on water infrastructure coupled with climate change mean that the reliance of the water industry on RWT will increase significantly within the next decade. RWTs are recognised as a high-risk pathway for the spread of freshwater invasive non-native species (INNS), however the movement of invasive micro-organisms via RWT is yet to be explored.

The Effects of Clinically Relevant Radionuclides on the Activation of an IFN1 Response Correlate with Radionuclide Half-life and Linear Energy Transfer and Influence Radiopharmaceutical Antitumor Efficacy.

Radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPT) activate an IFN1 response in tumor cells. We hypothesized that the timing and amplitude of this response varies by isotope. We compared equal doses delivered by 90Y, 177Lu, and 225Ac in vitro as unbound radionuclides and in vivo when chelated to NM600, a tumor-selective alkylphosphocholine.

Final stage phyllosoma of Galearctus sp. (Decapoda: Scyllaridae) from the Coral Sea.

Larval stages are known for only four out of eight Galearctus Holthuis, 2002 (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) species, a slipper lobster genus widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region. DNA barcoding analyses of phyllosomae collected from the Coral Sea by the Australian Institute of Marine Science suggest the presence of two new genetic clades in the area, for which larvae cannot be discriminated morphologically. The last instar larva of an unknown species of Galearctus is described and illustrated in detail here.

A new species of Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994, a freshwater crab from the Ekom-Nkam Waterfall, Cameroon (Brachyura: Potamonautidae: Liberonautinae).

A new species of Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994 (Brachyura: Potamonautidae: Liberonautinae) is described from the Nkam River below the Ekom Nkam Waterfalls, near Melong (5.061728°N, 10.030878°E), in the tropical rainforests of Cameroon.

The abbreviated larval development of Ozius guttatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Eriphioidea: Oziidae).

Ovigerous Singapore specimens of Ozius guttatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Eriphioidea: Oziidae) were collected and their larvae reared in the laboratory with an expectation that this species would have a similar larval development to O. truncatus H.

An American in Chesil Cove, England: Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae), with notes on its taxonomy.

A male Pilumnus Leach, 1816 specimen was discovered on a buoy found stranded on Chesil Beach, Chesil Cove, Portland, Weymouth, Dorset, England on 2 February 2016. The morphology of its frontal carapace margin and first gonopod suggested the crab was not P. hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761), native to NE Europe.

Public perceptions of reportable safety events and risks in United States primary care.

Introduction: Patients may not feel responsible for reporting safety events, and social norms may prevent patients from questioning health care providers' judgment. There is a paucity of research regarding public awareness of reportable safety events/risks. Educating the public about reporting is paramount in error prevention.

Priming versus propagating: distinct immune effects of an alpha- versus beta-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in preclinical models, but the effects of different radioisotopes have not been thoroughly compared. To evaluate mechanisms of response to RPT+ICI, we used NM600, an alkylphosphocholine selectively taken up by most tumors. Effects of Y-, Lu-, and Ac-NM600 + ICIs were compared in syngeneic murine models, B78 melanoma (poorly immunogenic) and MC38 colorectal cancer (immunogenic).

First zoeal stage of the Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent crab, Austinograea rodriguezensis Tsuchida & Hashimoto, 2002 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Bythograeidae).

First stage zoeas of the vent crab Austinograea rodriguezensis Tsuchida & Hashimoto, 2002 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) were collected by a remotely operated vehicle from the Kairei Hydrothermal Vent, Central Indian Ridge, in January 2016 during the INDEX2016 cruise of the French registered RV Pourquoi Pas? The zoeal appendages are illustrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and described. A comparison between first stage zoeal morphology of Gandalfus yunohana (Takeda, Hashimoto & Ohta, 2000) and A. rodriguezensis is made and, although remarkably similar, they can be distinguished by dorsal pleonal spinulation.

Intrathecal Nicardipine as Treatment for Severe Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Introduction Vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and contribute up to 23% of the disability and deaths from aSAH. The use of intrathecal nicardipine (ITN) as a possible treatment for DCI has been explored with mixed results. We present a retrospective series comparing standard post-aSAH care to standard care plus ITN therapy.

Glycogenic hepatopathy associated with hepatic steatosis in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Glycogenic hepatopathy is associated with significant psychosocial consequences and health costs. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and glycogenic hepatopathy are frequently confused as "fatty liver" when seen on ultrasonography. We wished to examine liver fat and glycogen content in groups defined based on metabolic and liver disease phenotypes.

Intratumoral radiation dose heterogeneity augments antitumor immunity in mice and primes responses to checkpoint blockade.

Radiation therapy (RT) activates multiple immunologic effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME), with diverse dose-response relationships observed. We hypothesized that, in contrast with homogeneous RT, a heterogeneous RT dose would simultaneously optimize activation of multiple immunogenic effects in a single TME, resulting in a more effective antitumor immune response. Using high-dose-rate brachytherapy, we treated mice bearing syngeneic tumors with a single fraction of heterogeneous RT at a dose ranging from 2 to 30 gray.

Alcohol does not impact chronic hepatitis C treatment outcomes but increases risk for progressive liver disease: Findings from a prospective multicentre Australian study (OPERA-C).

Introduction: Alcohol use is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined the impact of alcohol use on direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy outcome and the clinical course of liver disease and 2-year survival for patients receiving HCV DAA therapy.

Methods: Adults (n = 2624) recruited from 26 Australian hospital liver clinics during 2016-2021 were followed up for 2 years.