Intestinal tissue-resident T cell activation depends on metabolite availability.

The metabolic capacity of many cells is tightly regulated and can adapt to changes in metabolic resources according to environmental changes. Tissue-resident memory (T) CD8 T cells are one of the most abundant T cell populations and offer rapid protection against invading pathogens, especially at the epithelia. T cells metabolically adapt to their tissue niche, such as the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients with Cancer: Influencing Factors and Mechanisms.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients with cancer show worse outcomes compared with patients without cancer. The humoral immune response (HIR) of patients with cancer against SARS-CoV-2 is not well characterized. To better understand it, we conducted a serological study of hospitalized patients with cancer infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers up to 6 months post disease onset.

SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a human pathogen, causing clinical signs, from fever to pneumonia-COVID-19-but may remain mild or asymptomatic. To understand the continuing spread of the virus, to detect those who are and were infected, and to follow the immune response longitudinally, reliable and robust assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection and immunological monitoring are needed. We quantified IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein over a period of 6 months following COVID-19 onset.

Type 1 T cells promote the generation of CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells, functionally distinct from circulating memory T cells, have a critical role in protective immunity in tissues, are more efficacious when elicited after vaccination and yield more effective antitumor immunity, yet the signals that direct development of T cells are incompletely understood. Here we show that type 1 regulatory T (T) cells, which express the transcription factor T-bet, promote the generation of CD8 T cells. The absence of T-bet-expressing type 1 T cells reduces the presence of T cells in multiple tissues and increases pathogen burden upon infectious challenge.

Infection Model of Murine Small Intestine.

is a tissue specific, intracellular protozoan that infects the murine small intestinal epithelia, which has been widely used as a coccidian model to study mucosal immunology. This mouse infection model is valuable to investigate the mechanisms of host protection against primary and secondary infection in the small intestine. Here, we describe the generation of an stock solution, preparation of sporulated to infect mice and determination of oocysts burden.