Enabling 3D electrical stimulation of adipose-derived decellularized extracellular matrix and reduced graphene oxide scaffolds using graphene electrodes.

Notwithstanding the demonstrated benefits of electrical stimulation in enhancing tissue functionality, existing state-of-the-art electrostimulation systems often depend on invasive electrodes or planar designs. This work exploits the versatility of graphene to fabricate biocompatible electrodes for the three-dimensional electrical stimulation of neural stem cells. A conductive green graphene-based ink was formulated and screen-printed as the bottom and top electrodes in a bottom-less standard culture well plate.

AN69-ST membrane, a useful option in two cases of severe dialysis reactions.

Adverse reactions during hemodialysis (HD) sessions although infrequent can be severe. We report two cases of recurrent adverse reactions to HD biocompatible synthetic membranes. Change to AN-69 dialyzer allowed subsequent uneventful HD sessions.