Effects of curcumin-liposome formulation on inflammatory cascade activated by oxidative stress in primary human corneal epithelial cells.

Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenol extracted from turmeric, that exhibits several challenging properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-modulating, anti-thrombotic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti-tumor activities. Dry eye disease (DED) is recognized as a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface, associated with different symptoms, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, accompanied by inflammation of the ocular surface. Inflammation contributes to dry eye disese and in turn dry eyes can lead to worsening inflammation.

Coexistence of Congenital Aniridia and Ptosis in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type I: A Case Report.

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene on chromosome 17q11.2. The main ocular manifestations include Lisch nodules, optic pathway gliomas, and plexiform neurofibromas, all of which can potentially impair visual function.

ROLE OF AXIAL LENGTH ON POST-SURGICAL RETINAL DISPLACEMENT IN EYES TREATED FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: This study examines the role of axial length (AL) in the detection of retinal displacement in patients treated for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: A total of 39 eyes from 39 patients undergoing PPV with tamponade using either 16% diluted hexafluoroethane gas (C2F6) or 1000-centistoke silicone oil were included. Retinal displacement and its direction were assessed via blue-fundus autofluorescence (B-FAF) imaging.

Lissamine Green in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Clinical Applications.

Lissamine green (LG), a diagnostic dye that stains devitalized or damaged epithelial cells, is widely used to assess ocular surface integrity, enabling the detection of inflammation, epithelial defects, and conjunctival irregularities. To explore the diagnostic and clinical applications of LG in ophthalmology, focusing on its use for ocular surface diseases, a group of experts in ophthalmology and optometry participated in an advisory board to share their clinical practice experience with the use of LG. Building on the advisory board contents, this narrative review was based on a combination of expert opinions from the roundtable discussion and a comprehensive review of the current literature.

Dry Eye Disease: From Causes to Patient Care and Clinical Collaboration-A Narrative Review.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition of the ocular surface that affects tens of millions of people worldwide. It is often characterized by decreased tear production or increased evaporation, resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature related to DED, detailing causes, diagnostic tests, and medical management.

YAG Laser-Assisted Fragmentation of Dexamethasone Implants in the Anterior Chamber.

Purpose: To report efficacy on the use of neodymium yag laser in fragmentating dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) migrated in the anterior chamber (AC).

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series of 10 patients treated with Nd:Yag laser following spontaneous migration of dexamethasone implant into the AC.

Results: The Nd:yag laser successfully fragmented the migrated implants in all cases without severe complications.

Parainflammation in the Ocular System: Considerations on the Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

Introduction: The transition from regulated to dysregulated parainflammation is a new concept that needs to be elucidated to clarify the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). This review summarizes the recent evidence about mechanisms that could lead to dysregulated parainflammation, proposing a new hypothesis to correlate this process with the progression to chronic inflammation.

Methods: A group of European experts on DED participated in a roundtable to discuss the role of parainflammation in the most common ocular diseases with regard to DED.

Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose and GlicoPro Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: In Vitro and Clinical Study.

Introduction: Artificial tear substitutes are key elements in the first-line treatment of dry eye disease (DED). We hypothesized that GlicoPro, a new multimolecular complex based on proteins, sulfured and unsulfured glycosaminoglycans and opiorphin, was able to significantly improve the effect of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) eyedrops in treating DED.

Methods: We performed an in vitro experiment and a clinical study, comparing an HPMC + GlicoPro-based to an HPMC-based ophthalmic formulation (similar kinematic viscosity and comparable HPMC concentration).

From Symptoms to Satisfaction: Optimizing Patient-Centered Care in Dry Eye Disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial, chronic, and often relapsing condition with a significant impact on patient quality of life (QoL). Symptoms such as ocular discomfort and visual disturbances are diverse and frequently misaligned with objective clinical signs, complicating diagnosis and management. DED not only interferes with daily activities like reading, driving, and computer use but also imposes a substantial economic burden due to direct healthcare costs and reduced work productivity.

DEXAMETHASONE INTRAVITREAL INJECTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT SURGERY: An Updated Literature Review.

Purpose: This literature review synthetizes current evidence on the timing and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema in patients undergoing cataract surgery, particularly phacoemulsification, to determine the optimal timing for improved outcome.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted across key databases to identify peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses addressing dexamethasone injections administered pre-, intra-, and postoperatively for diabetic macular edema in the context of cataract surgery. Studies were selected based on relevance to timing, visual outcomes, and inflammation control, with a focus on comparative efficacy.

Topical insulin used alone or in combination with drug-depository contact lens for refractory cases of neurotrophic keratopathy.

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes achieved in refractory cases of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) through the utilization of insulin eye drops alone or in conjunction with a drug-depository contact lens (DDCL).

Observations: This multicentric prospective open-label uncontrolled case series included consecutive patients with NK refractory to conventional treatment. Insulin eye drops (1 unit/mL) were prescribed 4 times/day in all cases, and a Therapeutic Hyper-CL™ soft contact lens (EyeYon Medical, Ness Ziona, Israel), designed to act as a drug reservoir, was applied in selected patients.

The efficacy of a netilmicin/dexamethasone gel combination in the treatment of posterior blepharitis in moderate-severe dry eye patients.

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of netilmicin/dexamethasone combination in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated posterior blepharitis.MethodsIn this prospective and controlled study were enrolled 40 patients with MGD and symptoms of dry eye disease. Two groups were established: 20 patients (group 1) received netilmicin 3 mg/ml and dexamethasone 1 mg/ml eye gel, whereas in group 2 (20 patients) received vehicle for 15 days.

Utilising Narrative Medicine to Identify Key Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Dry Eye Disease: An Italian Multicentre Study.

Introduction: Despite an improved understanding of its pathogenesis, dry eye disease (DED) remains relatively underestimated and its treatment challenging. A better alignment between the clinical evaluation and the patient self-assessment also requires capturing the whole patient experience of DED. This project aimed to unveil this experience through narrative medicine (NM).

High-Tech Parameters for the Evaluation of Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease: Identification of Clinical Cut-Offs and Agreement with Low-Tech Tests.

Introduction: High-tech devices for the assessment of dry eye disease (DED) are increasingly available. However, the agreement between high- and low-tech parameters has been poorly explored to date. Trying to fill these gaps, we conducted a post hoc analysis on a recently published retrospective study on patients with DED receiving both low- and high-tech (Keratograph) assessments, and treatment with different lubricating eyedrops.

Anterior chamber retained lens fragments: A novel approach with Nd:Yag laser.

The retention of lenticular fragments (LF), either cortical or nuclear, in the anterior chamber after cataract surgery are a rare but important complication that may lead to patient discomfort and visual decrease. In this multicenter case series, we report the use of Neodymium:Yag laser to fragment LF effectively in twenty patients. MethodsMulticenter retrospective case series of nd:Yag laser fragmentation of LF in twenty eyes at different clinics discovered after cataract surgery performed through phacoemulsification and implant of intraocular lens (IOL).

Estimation of pupil size at iris plane and its magnification after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To estimate the pupil size (at the iris plane) under photopic (P PH ) and scotopic (P S ) conditions after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods This Retrospective Observational Cohort Study Included: 190 virgin eyes from 190 patients who underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Data collected with Aladdin (Topcon), AS-OCT MS-39 (CSO), and iTrace (Tracey) were SimK, mean pupillary power at 6 mm (MPP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), lens rise (LR), P PH and P S before and after surgery at 30 days, dysfunctional lens index, and opacity grade.

Observational Clinical Investigation Evaluating an Ophthalmic Solution Containing Xanthan Gum and Low Concentration Desonide Phosphate in Dry Eye Disease Treatment.

Introduction: Patients with dry eye disease (DED) complain of a multitude of symptoms that affect their visual function and quality of life (QoL). This clinical investigation assessed the performance, tolerance, and safety of a novel preservative-free ophthalmic solution containing xanthan gum 0.2% and desonide sodium phosphate 0.

Use of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of autoimmune ocular surface disorders: case series.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of topical allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops for the treatment of symptoms and clinical signs in patients with severe dry eye disease as a secondary condition caused by Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Design: Case series and literature review.

Methods: Six eyes from three consecutive patients with severe dry eye from SS were evaluated.

Extensive Contact Lens Wear Modulates Expression of miRNA-320 and miRNA-423-5p in the Human Corneal Epithelium: Possible Biomarkers of Corneal Health and Environmental Impact.

The identification of new biomarkers of ocular diseases is nowadays of outmost importance both for early diagnosis and treatment. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing emerging area of research and its involvement in the pathophysiology of ocular disease and regulatory mechanisms is of undisputable importance for diagnostic purposes. Environmental changes may impact the ocular surface, and the knowledge of induced epigenetic changes might help to elucidate the mechanisms of ocular surface disorders.

The Use of Venous Catheter and Irrigation with Povidone-Iodine 0.6% in Patients with Punctal and Proximal Canalicular Stenosis: Preliminary Report.

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of povidone-iodine 0.6% (PVI) irrigation for preventing recurrence of stenosis after punctoplasty in patients with punctal and proximal canalicular stenosis treated using a venous catheter as a stent. Twenty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups.

One Soul and Several Faces of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease.

The ocular surface system interacts with, reacts with, and adapts to the daily continuous insults, trauma, and stimuli caused by direct exposure to the atmosphere and environment. Several tissue and para-inflammatory mechanisms interact to guarantee such an ultimate function, hence maintaining its healthy homeostatic equilibrium. Evaporation seriously affects the homeostasis of the system, thereby becoming a critical trigger in the pathogenesis of the vicious cycle of dry eye disease (DED).

Real-world experience with fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema.

Objectives: to evaluate long-term effectiveness and safety of fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant used as second-line treatment in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: retrospective data chart review of 241 pseudophakic eyes of 178 patients treated with FAc from July 2017 to December 2021 in 10 medical retinal units in Italy. The primary endpoint was the change of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) at 2 years.