Analysis of the Relationship Between EGFR Mutations and PD-L1, ALK, and ROS1 Alterations in Patients with Non- Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Most Extensive Study Conducted in Iran.

Objective: Lung cancer, the second most common type of cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) being the most prevalent subtype. The presence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC influences tumor behavior and treatment response. The prevalence of EGFR mutation in Iranian patients is limited.

Unique Pathological Findings of Polarized Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Spondylodiscitis of an ESRD Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis are at an increased risk of developing spondylodiscitis, an infectious condition affecting the vertebral column. In this case report, we present a 22-year-old male with ESRD, a history of hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and anemia, who developed spondylodiscitis. Notably, pathological examination of tissue samples obtained during surgical intervention revealed the presence of polarized calcium oxalate crystals within the lumbar laminae and spinal discs, a rare finding in this clinical context.

Regulatory role of microRNAs in virus-mediated inflammation.

Viral infections in humans often cause excessive inflammation. In some viral infections, inflammation can be serious and even fatal, while in other infections it can promote viral clearance. Viruses can escape from the host immune system via regulating inflammatory pathways, thus worsening the illness.

The tumor microenvironment's gambit: Exosomal pawns on the board of head and neck cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) harbors a hidden universe of interactions that profoundly shape the behavior of head and neck cancers (HNCs). HNCs are not merely localized afflictions; they constitute a pressing global health crisis that impacts millions, frequently resulting in severe prognoses due to late-stage diagnosis and intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies. In this intricate interplay, cancer cells function as strategic players, adeptly manipulating their microenvironment to foster proliferation, evade immune detection, and withstand therapeutic interventions.

Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma: A Very Rare Entity Originating from the External Auditory Canal.

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon lesion of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is characterized by abnormal glandular formations with ciliated epithelium arising from the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, but other locations have also been described. We did not find any other cases of this hamartomas in the external auditory canal in the literature.