The History of Orthopedics in the Long Term: From General Medicine to Medical Specialties.

A thorough literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the literature on the history and evolution of medicine and orthopedics. The philosophical ideas that emerged in ancient Greece served as a foundation for the development of medicine. In the 5th century BC, the schools of Knidos and Kos emerged as influential centers for the development of medical thinking.

The Hippocratic Oath: Analysis and Contemporary Meaning.

The Hippocratic oath is traditionally taken by medical school graduates at the time of their graduation, either in its original form or in a modern variation. It is considered the earliest expression of medical ethics, establishing principles of ethics that remain of paramount significance today. However, it was written in antiquity, whereas medicine has been constantly evolving.

The Asclepian art of medicine and surgery.

Purpose: To summarize the available information from mythology, archeology, and classical literature aiming to compose the image of Asclepieia, Asclepius, and the Asclepiads, and to depict the atmosphere of medicine in its infancy.

Method: A thorough literature search was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the pharmacies and pain practices used for trauma in ancient Greece.

Results: The antiquity of medicine is confirmed by the worship of God Apollo and Asclepius, who were the persons who possessed the knowledge of medicine and surgery, and delivered it to mortals.