Targeting Lipopolysaccharides in Gram-negative Sepsis: Therapeutic Advances and Challenges.

Gram-negative bacterial sepsis remains a major global health threat, exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance and limited efficacy of current therapies. Central to its pathogenesis is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin that triggers overwhelming inflammation and organ dysfunction. This review critically evaluates emerging therapies targeting LPS in sepsis.

Migration of a Retained Epicardial Pacing Wire Into the External Carotid Artery.

Background: Temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPWs) are commonly used for postoperative arrhythmia management in cardiac surgery. Although generally safe, they can cause rare complications, including migration years after placement.

Case Summary: A 59-year-old man with a history of cardiac arrest and acute myocardial infarction requiring urgent coronary artery bypass grafting 2 years prior presented with new-onset dysphagia and odynophagia.