Tracheobronchial Replacement: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Tracheobronchial replacement remains a surgical and biological challenge despite several decades of experimental and clinical research.

Objective: To compile a comprehensive state-of-the-science review examining the current indications, techniques, and outcomes of tracheobronchial replacement in human patients.

Evidence Review: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on July 1, 2024, to identify studies examining tracheobronchial replacement.

Relapsing polychondritis: tracheobronchial involvement and differential diagnoses.

This review is describing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP), with a focus on differential diagnoses of inflammatory origin. RP is a systemic auto-immune disease that mainly affects cartilage structures, progressing through inflammatory flare-ups between phases of remission and ultimately leading to deformation of the involved cartilages. Besides the damage of auricular or nasal cartilage, tracheobronchial and cardiac involvement are the most severe, and can seriously alter the prognosis.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in adults with lower respiratory tract involvement: a retrospective study of the OrphaLung and GETIF networks.

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare respiratory disease primarily caused by chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of serotypes 6 and 11. It manifests in childhood (juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP)) and adulthood (adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AoRRP)), leading to progressive obstruction by papillomas in the upper airway and occasionally in the lower respiratory tract (LRT), including the lungs, with a potential for malignant transformation. This study aimed to delineate the characteristics of JoRRP and AoRRP with LRT involvement in adulthood.

Sarcoidosis and Emergency Hospitalization.

Background: Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic granulomatosis whose evolution is self-limiting in most cases. However, it can progress to organ damage that menaces the vital or functional prognosis of patients. Sarcoidosis itself, but also its comorbidities, can pose a threat to the patient, require rapid initiation of treatment, and justify emergency hospitalization.

Case Report: Laryngotracheal Post-Intubation/Tracheostomy Stenosis in COVID-19 Patients.

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), has spread rapidly to become a major global public health emergency since March 2020. Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) has been observed more frequently since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: All patients referred to our 24/7 Airway Diseases Center for laryngotracheal post-intubation/tracheostomy stenosis from May 2020 to May 2021were evaluated retrospectively.

Diagnosis Yield and Safety of Surgical Biopsy in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Prospective Study.

Background: Surgical lung biopsy is essential in the diagnostic algorithm of interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown cause. Safety concerns have been recently reiterated. This study prospectively assessed the yield of diagnosis and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy (VATS-LB) for ILD diagnosis.

Gender Differences in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Are Men and Women Equal?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a male predominance. The aim of the study was to explore gender differences in a well-designed French multicentre prospective IPF cohort (COhorte FIbrose, COFI) with a 5-year follow-up. Between 2007 and 2010, 236 patients with incident IPF were included in COFI.

Endobronchial Seeding of Squamous Lung Carcinoma with Mediastinal Lymph Involvement Node after EBUS: A Case Report.

In locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mediastinal staging is the cornerstone of the therapeutic decision and echoendoscopy is the most practiced exam to assess the lymph node involvement. We describe a rare case of endobronchial involvement by cells originating from a metastatic lymph node after endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with a squamous cell lung cancer with mediastinal nodal involvement proven by EBUS.

Elective extra corporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk rigid bronchoscopy.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for high-risk rigid bronchoscopy has been reported in few urgent cases. We report our experience with this approach which was planned electively in five cases on 202 procedures (2.5%).

The place of high-resolution computed tomography imaging in the investigation of interstitial lung disease.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has revolutionized the diagnosis, prognosis and in some cases the prediction of therapeutic response in interstitial lung disease (ILD). HRCT represents an essential second step to a patient's clinical history, before considering any other investigation, including lung biopsy. Areas covered: This review describes the current place of HRCT in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of ILD.

Sarcoidosis, inorganic dust exposure and content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: the MINASARC pilot study.

Inhalation of mineral dust was suggested to contribute to sarcoidosis. We compared the mineral exposome of 20 sarcoidosis and 20 matched healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were treated by digestion-filtration and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.

Outcome and prognostic factors in a French cohort of patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common form of extramuscular involvement in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis and is associated with poor prognosis. This study was designed to describe the long-term outcome of myositis-associated ILD. This retrospective observational study was conducted in 48 consecutive patients.

Management of sarcoidosis in clinical practice.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown cause with very diverse presentation, outcome, severity and need for treatments. While some presentations may be very typical, for many patients, the presentation is nonspecific, with shared associations with other diseases at times being by far more frequent or misleading, which can be a cause of significant delay and often several consultations before a diagnosis of sarcoidosis can be confirmed. This is particularly the case when pulmonary manifestations are in the forefront.

Human lung fibroblasts may modulate dendritic cell phenotype and function: results from a pilot in vitro study.

In human lung fibrotic lesions, fibroblasts were shown to be closely associated with immature dendritic cell (DC) accumulation. The aim of the present pilot study was to characterize the role of pulmonary fibroblasts on DC phenotype and function, using co-culture of lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and from control patients, with a DC cell line MUTZ-3. We observed that co-culture of lung control and IPF fibroblasts with DCs reduced the expression of specific DC markers and down-regulated their T-cell stimulatory activity.

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease, with lung involvement in almost all cases. Abnormal chest radiography is usually a key step for considering diagnosis. Lung impact is investigated through imaging; pulmonary function; and, when required, 6-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, or right heart catheterization.

Pulmonary hypertension complicating sarcoidosis.

Pulmonary hypertension is a challenging complication of sarcoidosis, which reported rates of prevalence largely depend on the advancement of pulmonary disease. About 6% of unselected sarcoidosis patients suffer from PH. Although destruction of the distal capillary bed and resultant hypoxemia are important, the mechanisms of sarcoidosis-PH are multifactorial, including specific vasculopathy, local increased vasoreactivity, extrinsic compression of pulmonary vessels and portal hypertension.

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors.

Background: Acute exacerbation is a substantial cause of death in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with poorly described prognostic factors.

Objectives: To review the features associated with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and assess its prognostic factors.

Methods: Thirty-seven occurrences of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were retrospectively reviewed in the medical records of 27 patients.

Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from asymmetrical disease.

Background: In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) the distribution and spatial-temporal progression of fibrotic changes may be influenced by general or locoregional conditions. From this perspective, patients with asymmetrical disease (AIPF) may be unique.

Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients (26 men, mean ± SD age 69 ± 7 years) with AIPF, as defined by an asymmetry ratio (most affected--least affected fibrosis score)/(most affected + least affected fibrosis score) >0.

Cardiac sarcoidosis.

Cardiac involvement is undeniably one of the most challenging issues in sarcoidosis. Although autopsy studies reveal heart lesions in 20 to 30% of sarcoid patients, fewer than 5% suffer from clinical disease. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) has a predilection for the myocardium, but the pericardium and endocardium may also be affected.

A role for dendritic cells in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice?

Rationale: Lung dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to accumulate in human fibrotic lung disease, but little is known concerning a role for DCs in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung.

Objectives: To characterize lung DCs in an in vivo model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Methods: We characterized the kinetics and activation of pulmonary DCs during the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury by flow cytometry on lung single-cell suspensions.