Hem1 controls T cell activation, memory, and the regulated release of immunosuppressive and proinflammatory cytokines.

Hematopoietic protein-1 (Hem1) is a component of the WASp family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) actin regulatory complex, which is activated downstream of multiple immune receptors. Mutations in the NCKAP1L gene encoding HEM1 have recently been found to result in severe primary immunodeficiency disease (PID), characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, hyperinflammation, autoimmunity, and high mortality. However, how loss of Hem1 results in PID is unclear.

Development of a Multi-Locus Real-Time PCR with a High-Resolution Melting Assay to Differentiate Wild-Type, Asian Recombinant, and Vaccine Strains of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) affects cattle and causes significant economic damage. The live vaccine derived from an attenuated strain is effective but is associated with mild disease and skin lesions in some vaccinated cattle. Moreover, recombinant LSDV strains, particularly one with wild-type field and vaccine strains, have recently emerged and spread throughout Asian countries.

Monitoring of genetic alterations of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle after vaccination in Thailand.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease that has a significant impact on the cattle and buffalo agricultural industries. The use of live attenuated LSD virus (LSDV) vaccines (LAVs) is the most efficient method of disease prevention. However, it is well recognized that LAVs might result in viral mutation that could enhance viral infectivity or virulence.

Hem1 inborn errors of immunity: waving goodbye to coordinated immunity in mice and humans.

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of diseases in humans that typically present as increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, allergy, and in some cases malignancy. Among newly identified genes linked to IEIs include 3 independent reports of 9 individuals from 7 independent kindreds with severe primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and autoimmunity due to loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding Hematopoietic protein 1 (HEM1). HEM1 is a hematopoietic cell specific component of the WASp family verprolin homologous (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC), which acts downstream of multiple immune receptors to stimulate actin nucleation and polymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin).

Complete Genomic Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolates from Beef Cattle in Lopburi Province, Central Thailand, during 2021-2022.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral infection that impacts the cattle industry. The most efficient approach to prevent disease involves the utilization of live-attenuated LSD vaccines (LAVs), which stands out as the most successful method. However, LAVs might be subjected to changes to their genomes during replication that increase viral infectivity or virulence.

Long-term monitoring of immune response to recombinant lumpy skin disease virus in dairy cattle from small-household farms in western Thailand.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was firstly reported in Thailand in 2021 which affected the cattle industry. However, there is limited information on the immune response of LSDV infection in Thailand where recombinant vaccine strain circulated. The aim of this research was to study the duration of LSD immune response of subclinical and clinical animals after natural infection in dairy cattle.

Development of a real-time RT-PCR system applicable for rapid and pen-side diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease using a portable device, PicoGene® PCR1100.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral vesicular disease, causing devastating losses to the livestock industry. A diagnostic method that enables quick decisions is required to control the disease, especially in FMD-free countries. Although conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a highly sensitive method widely used for the diagnosis of FMD, a time lag caused by the transport of samples to a laboratory may allow the spread of FMD.

Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand.

The emergence of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was first detected in north-eastern Thailand in March 2021. Since then, the abrupt increase of LSD cases was observed throughout the country as outbreaks have spread rapidly to 64 out of a total of 77 provinces within four months. Blood, milk, and nodular skin samples collected from affected animals have been diagnosed by real-time PCR targeting the gene.

Thermal inactivation of African swine fever virus in feed ingredients.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV is highly stable and easily transmitted by consumption of contaminated swine feed and pork products. Heat treatment of feed ingredients is a means to minimize the risk of contamination through swine feed consumption.

Persistence of African swine fever virus on porous and non-porous fomites at environmental temperatures.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. Even though it is a non-zoonotic disease, ASF causes economic loss in swine industries across continents. ASF control and eradication are almost impossible since effective vaccines and direct antiviral treatment are not available.

Thermal Inactivation of African Swine Fever Virus in Swill.

The indirect transmission of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is through contaminated fomite, feed ingredients, pork- and pig-derived products, including swill, as ASFV is highly stable within suitable organic material. Some previous studies have indicated that ASFV outbreaks were associated with swill feeding, particularly in smallholder pig farms. These outbreaks emphasize the significance of the appropriate heat treatment of swill to eliminate ASFV residual titer.

Hem-1 regulates protective humoral immunity and limits autoantibody production in a B cell-specific manner.

Hematopoietic protein-1 (Hem-1) is a member of the actin-regulatory WASp family verprolin homolog (WAVE) complex. Loss-of-function variants in the NCKAP1L gene encoding Hem-1 were recently discovered to result in primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) in children, characterized by poor specific Ab responses, increased autoantibodies, and high mortality. However, the mechanisms of how Hem-1 deficiency results in PID are unclear.

Use of nanopore sequencing to characterize african horse sickness virus (AHSV) from the African horse sickness outbreak in thailand in 2020.

African horse sickness (AHS) is a highly infectious and deadly disease despite availability of vaccines. Molecular characterization of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) detected from the March 2020 Thailand outbreak was carried out by whole-genome sequencing using Nanopore with a Sequence-Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) approach. Nucleotide sequence of the whole genome was compared with closest matching AHSV strains using phylogenetic analyses and the AHSV-1 virus shared high sequence identity with isolates from the same outbreak.

The actin-regulatory protein Hem-1 is essential for alveolar macrophage development.

Hematopoietic protein-1 (Hem-1) is a hematopoietic cell-specific actin-regulatory protein. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants in the NCKAP1L gene encoding Hem-1 have recently been found to result in primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) in humans, characterized by recurring respiratory infections, asthma, and high mortality. However, the mechanisms of how Hem-1 variants result in PID are not known.