The Relationship between Children's Behavioral Characteristics and Eating Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese Preschool Children.

We aimed to clarify the relationship between eating situations and behavioural problems in Japanese preschool children. Subjects were 591 children who attended nursery school in city Y, Japan, and their guardians. We administered a questionnaire that included the children's behavioural characteristics and items pertaining to eating situations, family structure, and guardian's educational background.

A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study on Association of Ready-to-Eat and Processed Food Intakes with Metabolic Factors, Serum Trans Fat and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Healthy Japanese Adults.

Frequently consuming processed and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods is regarded as unhealthy, but evidence on the relationships with circulating metabolic parameters is lacking. Japanese residents of a metropolitan area, 20 to 50 years of age, were studied in terms of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including circulating trans fat and serum phospholipid fatty acid levels. Processed foods, except drinks and dairy items, were categorized according to requirements for additional ingredients and cooking before eating.

Effects of Nutrition Education Program for the Japan Diet on Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Patients with Dyslipidemia: Re-analysis of Data from a Previous Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: We investigated changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions with intake of the Japan Diet (JD) (higher consumption of fish, soybeans, vegetables, seaweed/mushrooms/konjak, and unrefined cereals with reduced consumption of animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets and alcoholic drinks) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society.

Methods: A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial on JD intake was conducted on Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Nutrition education, based on the JD or partial JD (PJD) at baseline and at 3 months, was provided and the participants were followed up for 6 months.

A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study on Food Intake Patterns Identified from Very Short FFQ and Metabolic Factors Including Liver Function in Healthy Japanese Adults.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing health problem, and rapid diet assessment is required for personal nutrition education. This pilot study aimed to clarify associations between current food intake patterns identified from the short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and metabolic parameters, including liver function. We conducted a cross-sectional study on Japanese non-alcoholic residents of Tokyo and surrounding districts, 20 to 49 years of age.

The Relationship between Family Meals and Mental Health Problems in Japanese Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The relative burden of mental health problems in children is increasing worldwide. Family meals have attracted attention as an effective modifiable factor for preventing children's mental health problems. We examined the relationship between family meals and mental health problems in Japanese elementary schoolchildren.

Effects of Dietary Education Program for the Japan Diet on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: Improving cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been regarded as a novel target for preventing cardiovascular disease. HDL reportedly has antioxidant properties which may contribute to its functions. We investigated changes in CEC with intake of the Japan Diet (JD) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society and the relationship of these changes to serum antioxidant concentrations.

Effects of Nutrition Education Program for the Japan Diet on Serum LDL-Cholesterol Concentration in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: The Japan Diet (JD) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society based on the traditional Japanese diet is presumably favorable for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but few high-quality controlled clinical trials have examined its benefits as compared with other diets. We studied effects of nutrition education for JD intake as compared with partial JD (PJD) intake on serum lipids and inflammatory parameters in subjects with dyslipidemia.

Methods: A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted on outpatients with dyslipidemia.

Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intakes between Japanese Dyslipidemic Patients with and without Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering Drug Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: We aimed to clarify actual food and nutrient intakes in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. We also compared food and nutrient intakes between patients with and without low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drug therapy.

Methods: Food and nutrient intakes were assessed employing 3-day weighted dietary records in this cross-sectional study of 104 Japanese outpatients with dyslipidemia, age 30-65 years, not given dietary counseling.

Dietary Intake during 56 Weeks of a Low-Fat Diet for Lomitapide Treatment in Japanese Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Aim: Lomitapide is an oral inhibitor of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH); patients require a low-fat diet to minimize gastrointestinal adverse effects and dietary supplements to prevent nutrient deficiencies. We investigated the diet and nutritional status during lomitapide treatment.

Methods: Japanese patients with HoFH, who were in a phase 3 trial of lomitapide, were instructed to start low-fat diets with supplements of vitamin E and essential fatty acids 6 weeks before starting lomitapide treatment.

Japan Diet Intake Changes Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Middle-Aged Men: A Pilot Study.

Aim: The Japan Diet nutritional education program effects on serum fatty acid compositions for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men brought up in the westernized dietary environment of modern Japan were examined.

Methods: Thirty-three men, 30-49 years of age, attended a nutrition education class and were recommended to consume Japan Diet volumes (more fish, soybeans and soy products, vegetables, seaweed, konjak, mushrooms, and unrefined cereals and less animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets, desserts and snacks, and alcoholic drinks) for 6 weeks. Three-day weighted dietary records were kept, and fatty acid intakes were calculated.

Effects of a Japan Diet Intake Program on Metabolic Parameters in Middle-Aged Men.

Aim: We conducted a pilot study to clarify the effects of the Japan Diet nutritional education program on metabolic risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men who were brought up in the westernized dietary environment of modern Japan.

Methods: Thirty-three men, 30-49 years of age, attended a nutrition education class to learn food items and recommended volumes comprising the Japan Diet (more fish, soybeans and soy products, vegetables, seaweed, mushrooms and unrefined cereals, and less animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets, desserts and snacks, and alcoholic drinks), and were encouraged to consume the Japan Diet for 6 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured and 3-day weighted dietary records were kept before and at completion of the intervention.

Postprandial Paraoxonase 1 Activity Following Consumption of Recommended Amounts of Mixed Meals in Healthy Males.

Aim: Postprandial lipid level increases induce oxidative stress, which is involved in atherogenesis. The antioxidant properties of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have attracted attention. However, changes in postprandial PON1 levels differ across prior studies, and changes in PON1 lactonase activity, potentially relevant to PON1 physiology, after the consumption of ordinary meals are unknown.

Effects of consumption of main and side dishes with white rice on postprandial glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in healthy Japanese men.

The co-ingestion of protein, fat and fibre with carbohydrate reportedly affects postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) responses. However, the effects of combination dishes with carbohydrate-rich foods at typically eaten amounts remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of consuming recommended amounts of side dishes with boiled white rice in the same meal on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and incretin hormone responses.

Synthetic approaches toward ecteinascidins. Part 2. Preparation of the ABCDE ring system of ecteinascidins having characteristic substituents in both benzene rings.

A synthesis of an advanced ABCDE ring system (24c) having characteristic substituents in both benzene rings of ecteinascidin marine natural products is described based on our model studies.