Histological Changes and Immunohistological Analysis of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction: Correlation With Preoperative Renal Function.

Introduction: A decrease in smooth muscle cells at the pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ), along with abnormal muscle orientation, collagen deposition, and a reduction in Cajal cells, is proposed as the primary cause of obstruction at the PUJ. The findings on histology and the density of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in patients operated for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) show variable observations. Clinicians often face a dilemma during the diagnosis and management of patients with PUJO.

Study of Third Coronary Artery in Adult Human Cadaveric Hearts.

Introduction: Third coronary artery (TCA) is a direct branch arising from the anterior aortic sinus (right aortic sinus) which supplies right ventricular outflow tract. It is found frequently and may be an important source for collateral coronary blood flow through a vascular anastomotic bridge (circle of Vieussens) between the right and left coronary systems.

Aim: To evaluate the gross anatomy of third coronary artery in terms of their number, origin, extent and distribution.