Spinal Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Features, Clinical Management, and Surgical Outcomes.

Objective: To comprehensively review the diagnostic features, clinical management, and surgical outcomes of spinal idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (sIHP) through a systematic analysis of existing literature.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from inception to October 31, 2024. Studies reporting on adult patients with sIHP, including clinical, treatment, outcome, and follow-up data, were included.

Fecal microbiota and genetics in pediatric-onset orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn´s disease.

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition. It is under debate, whether it is a condition of its own or merely a subtype of Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to search for markers characteristic of patients with pediatric-onset OFG compared to patients with pediatric-onset CD.

Optimizing costs and sustainability for gamma knife radiosurgery: A cost and breakeven analysis at India's largest neurosurgery centre.

Background: Establishing and maintaining gamma knife facility incurs significant costs, mandating healthcare institutions to meticulously assess financial implications for sustainability.

Methods: This study explores the financial implications of setting up and operating a Gamma Knife facility, with an aim to ascertain user charges for achieving breakeven. The study was conducted from January to June 2019 at the largest neurosurgery centre of an Institute of National Importance (INI), in Delhi, India.

Associations of central obesity and habitual food consumption with saliva microbiota and its enzymatic profiles - a pilot study in Finnish children.

Background: Variation in diversity and composition of saliva microbiota has been linked to weight status, but findings have been inconsistent. Focusing on clinically relevant conditions such as central obesity and using advanced sequencing techniques might fill in the gaps of knowledge.

Aims: We investigated saliva microbiota with shallow metagenome sequencing in children with ( = 14) and without ( = 36) central obesity.

Interaction between genetic susceptibility to obesity and food intake on BMI in Finnish school-aged children.

Diet modulates the genetic risk of obesity, but the modulation has been rarely studied using genetic risk scores (GRSs) in children. Our objectives were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that drive the interaction of specific foods with obesity and combine these into GRSs. Genetic and food frequency data from Finnish Health in Teens study was utilized.

Prevalence of Stress and Insomnia among Health Care Workers in India during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are prone to stress and insomnia because of pandemic situations. Assessment of the actual burden of this stress and insomnia is essential to form preventive strategies. The study's objective was to find out the pooled prevalence of stress and insomnia among HCWs in India during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Natural Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors: A Review.

PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is an enzyme that helps to reduce cardiovascular events. This clinical result is attributable primarily to the crucial involvement of PCSK9 in regulating the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Because oral anti-PCSK9 medications have yet to be available, the benefits of this unique treatment approach have been diminished.

Pre-Diagnostic Saliva Microbiota of School-Aged Children Who Developed Type 1 Diabetes or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Altered commensal microbiota composition has been associated with pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the causal relationship is still unclear. To search for potential pre-diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric T1D or IBD, we compared microbiota in saliva samples in a nested case-control design comprising children developing T1D (n = 52) or IBD (n = 21) and controls with a similar age, sex, and residential area (n = 79). The pre-diagnostic saliva microbiota alpha- and beta-diversity of children who would develop T1D (n = 27) or IBD (n = 14) minimally varied from that of controls.

Analysis of smiling photograph; Operation US-Bangla Air Crash.

Human identification may be difficult when there is no antemortem data available. A photograph of the deceased may be valuable in such cases. Digital advancement and inclusion in the lives of ordinary people makes it easier to retrieve clear, high-resolution photos from social media accounts and other places.

Application of the London Atlas of Tooth Development and Eruption in Panoramic Xrays for the Age Estimation.

Background: The age estimation of the individual by the forensic experts ascertains the chronological age of an individual. The possibility that the person being examined may be younger or older than a certain age threshold makes this process crucial, as it will establish whether or not the person is an adult under the law. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of the London Atlas of tooth development and eruption in Nepalese subset population.

Operation makalu air crash: influence of cognitive and human factors on decision-making.

Two onboard crew members lost their lives in the fatal Makalu Air Cessna Grand Caravan 208B domestic cargo flight crash on May 16, 2018. The Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) procedure comprises external examination, photography, DNA collection, fingerprint collection, postmortem examination, antemortem information collection from the family members, and reconciliation. The major challenge of this operation was dealing with cognitive bias.

The Composition and Functional Capacities of Saliva Microbiota Differ Between Children With Low and High Sweet Treat Consumption.

Excess sugar consumption-common in youth-is associated with poor health. Evidence on the relationship between sugar consumption and the oral microbiome, however, remains scarce and inconclusive. We explored whether the diversity, composition, and functional capacities of saliva microbiota differ based on the consumption of select sugary foods and drinks ("sweet treats").

A Microfluidic Platform to Monitor Real-Time Effects of Extracellular Vesicle Exchange between Co-Cultured Cells across Selectively Permeable Barriers.

Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant yet poorly understood role in cell-cell communication during homeostasis and various pathological conditions. Conventional in vitro and in vivo approaches for studying exosome/EV function depend on time-consuming and expensive vesicle purification methods to obtain sufficient vesicle populations. Moreover, the existence of various EV subtypes with distinct functional characteristics and submicron size makes their analysis challenging.

Versatile Encapsulation and Synthesis of Potent Liposomes by Thermal Equilibration.

The wide-scale use of liposomal delivery systems is challenged by difficulties in obtaining potent liposomal suspensions. Passive and active loading strategies have been proposed to formulate drug encapsulated liposomes but are limited by low efficiencies (passive) or high drug specificities (active). Here, we present an efficient and universal loading strategy for synthesizing therapeutic liposomes.

Adherence to and acceptability of three alcohol-free, antiseptic oral rinses: A community-based pilot randomized controlled trial among pregnant women in rural Nepal.

Objectives: Antiseptic oral rinses have been evaluated as interventions to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with periodontal disease in pregnant women. Oral rinse use is not common in Nepal or other countries in South Asia, where the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is high. Understanding whether pregnant women in rural communities in this region would incorporate rinse use into their daily teeth cleaning routine is an important prerequisite to future research on this topic in South Asia.

Determinants of Home Delivery among Mothers in Urban and Rural Vadodara District, Gujarat, India.

Background: Maternal health is severely affected by home deliveries because it contributes to maternal mortality, especially if home births are not made safer.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the determinants of home delivery among mothers in urban and rural Vadodara district, Gujarat.

Materials And Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out during April 2017-July 2017.

Risk of preterm birth associated with maternal gingival inflammation and oral hygiene behaviours in rural Nepal: a community-based, prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Observational studies have identified associations between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of periodontal therapy have yielded inconsistent results. Few studies have explored relationships between gingival inflammation and these outcomes or been conducted in rural, low-income communities, where confounding risk factors differ from other settings.

Methods: We conducted a community-based, prospective cohort study with the aim of estimating associations between the extent of gingival inflammation in pregnant women and incidence of preterm birth in rural Nepal.

Feasibility of training community health workers to conduct periodontal examinations: a validation study in rural Nepal.

Background: In many low- and middle-income countries, insufficient human resources limit access to oral health services. Shifting clinical tasks to less specialized health professionals, such as community health workers, has been used as a strategy to expand the health workforce, especially in remote or underserved locations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of periodontal examinations conducted by auxiliary nurse midwives in a rural home setting in Nepal.

Achalasia Revealed by Respiratory Failure and Hemodynamic Instability.

Achalasia is a rare condition that most often presents with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids. We report a case of achalasia presenting with acute respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability requiring both ventilator and vasopressor support because of extrinsic compression of the airway and left atrium by a dilated and fluid-filled esophagus. This is the first case reported of achalasia, causing both left atrial compression and airway compression.

Incidence of Natal Teeth in Sarlahi District of Nepal.

Background: The presence of natal or neonatal teeth, which have been associated with environmental factors and hereditary syndromes, can have an impact on the psychosocial growth of children.

Methods: We aimed to estimate the incidence of natal tooth in Sarlahi district of Nepal.Live births from Sarlahi district in Nepal were assessed for natal teeth and other related factors.

Dental Age Assessment using Demirjian's Eight Teeth Method and Willems Method in a Tertiary Hospital.

Introduction: Age estimation is an important aspect in forensic anthropology, as it can aid in the identification of the deceased, and can be used in cases of immigration, child abuse and criminal prosecution in living individuals. Dental age estimation is considered reliable and accurate, since tooth development is least affected by environmental factors compared to somatic growth.

Methods: In total, 150 pre-orthodontic treatment radiographs from healthy individuals were assessed.

Microstencil-based spatial immobilization of individual cells for single cell analysis.

Cells exhibit biologically heterogeneous phenotypes, particularly in pathogenic states. To study cell behavior at the single cell level, a variety of micropatterning techniques have been proposed that allow the spatial organization of cells with great control over cell volume, morphology, and intercellular interactions. Among these strategies, microstencil patterning has traditionally been eschewed due to fragility of membranes and lack of control over cell configurations within patterns.

Molecular features of steroid-binding antidins and their use for assaying serum progesterone.

Chicken avidin (Avd) and streptavidin from Streptomyces avidinii are extensively used in bionanotechnology due to their extremely tight binding to biotin (Kd ~ 10-15 M for chicken Avd). We previously reported engineered Avds known as antidins, which have micro- to nanomolar affinities for steroids, non-natural ligands of Avd. Here, we report the 2.

Designing Magnetically Responsive Biohybrids Composed of Cord Blood-Derived Natural Killer Cells and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

We report the generation of magnetically responsive, cord blood-derived natural killer (NK) cells using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). NK cells are a promising immune cell population for cancer cell therapy as they can target and lyse target tumor cells without prior education. However, NK cells cannot home to disease sites based on antigen recognition, instead relying primarily on external stimuli and chemotactic gradients for transport.