Revisiting Parkinson's disease definition and classification: insights from two emerging biological frameworks.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous neurodegenerative entity with diverse clinical presentations, genetic contributors, and neuropathological features. Central to its pathogenesis is misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein, which collectively form Lewy pathology. Recent advances in biomarker and genetic research have enabled biologically grounded models of PD classification, diagnosis and staging.

Dissecting the Phenotypic Spectrum and Complexity of Movement Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Movement disorders are increasingly recognized as late-occurring neurologic manifestations of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Multicenter Study.

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) has been associated with increased risk of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD).

Association of dysautonomia and different risk factors in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) presents with progressive ascending weakness, but it can also present with dysautonomia such as tachycardia, blood pressure fluctuations, diaphoresis, ileus, and urinary retention. GBS patients with dysautonomia was observed to have longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates than those without dysautonomia. We aimed to determine the risk factors for dysautonomia and its manifestations among patients with GBS and compared their features to those without dysautonomia.

Real-World Treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults With a 22q11.2 Microdeletion: Traitement dans le monde réel de la schizophrénie chez des adultes atteints du syndrome de microdélétion 22q11.2.

Objective: One in every 4 individuals born with a 22q11.2 microdeletion will develop schizophrenia. Thirty years of clinical genetic testing capability have enabled detection of this major molecular susceptibility for psychotic illness.

Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

This review aimed to update the clinical practice guidelines for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

Dystonia with myoclonus and vertical supranuclear gaze palsy associated with a rare GNB1 variant.

GNB1 encephalopathy (OMIM: 616973), caused by pathogenic variants in the GNB1 gene, is a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by global developmental delay (GDD) variably co-occurring with movement disorders. For the latter, dystonia, although the most frequent, remains uncommon. Other phenomenologies including myoclonus, tics, chorea, and ataxia, as well as oculomotor abnormalities are rare [1].

Newly Approved and Investigational Drugs for Motor Symptom Control in Parkinson's Disease.

Motor symptoms are a core feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and cause a significant burden on patients' quality of life. Oral levodopa is still the most effective treatment, however, the motor benefits are countered by inherent pharmacologic limitations of the drug. Additionally, with disease progression, chronic levodopa leads to the appearance of motor complications including motor fluctuations and dyskinesia.

Body mass index and its association with COVID-19 clinical outcomes: Findings from the Philippine CORONA study.

Background And Aims: To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and adverse outcomes in a large cohort of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a 37-site, nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study that investigated the clinical and neurological outcomes of adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted from February to December 15, 2020.

Results: We analyzed 4,463 patients with BMI and outcome data.

Autoimmune encephalitis in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an emerging disorder in adults and children. Due to its potentially reversible nature, prompt recognition and intervention are of utmost importance.

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical features, as well as treatment outcomes of patients with AE admitted in a Philippine tertiary hospital.

Hemichorea-Hemiballismus as a Presentation of Cerebritis from Intracranial Toxoplasmosis and Tuberculosis.

Background: There is limited literature documenting hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) resulting from co-infection of toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis (TB) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Toxoplasmic abscess is the most common cause while TB is a rare etiology.

Case Description: We describe a 24-year-old male with AIDS-related HCHB as the presentation of cerebritis on the right subthalamic nucleus and cerebral peduncle from intracranial toxoplasma and TB co-infection.

Cerebellar ataxia as a primary manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Acute cerebellar ataxia is a rare primary manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). We report a case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with gait instability, behavioural changes and new-onset seizures. The tempo of disease progression was explained by an autoimmune cause, eventually fulfilling the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis of Weston Hurst secondary to herpes encephalitis presenting as status epilepticus: A case report and review of literature.

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is a rare and mostly fatal fulminant demyelinating disease. This case describes a 63-year old male in status epilepticus associated with an intracerebral hemorrhage following a one week viral prodrome with rapid decline to coma. He exhibited peripheral leukocytosis, neutrophilic pleocytosis with normal glucose and high protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Efficacy of sertraline in post-traumatic brain injury (post-TBI) depression and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The relative paucity of robust studies on pharmacological treatments for depression following traumatic brain injury precludes establishment of firm recommendations for its routine use in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline in the treatment of post-TBI depression and improvement in quality of life. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified by electronic search through PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencas da Saude), Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.

Autoimmune encephalitis associated with two antibodies.

•In patients presenting with clinical manifestations of encephalitis without clinical or laboratory signs of infection, an autoimmune etiology should be suspected.•Antibodies for various neural antigens may coexist, thus a complete and clinically-guided autoimmune panel must be done in suspected cases of autoimmune encephalitis.•Tumor resection, if applicable, combined with high dose steroids and immunotherapy are effective treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis with coexisting antibodies.