Proteases: Role in Various Human Diseases.

Proteases, a group of hydrolytic enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, play pivotal roles in various physiological processes and have emerged as key contributors to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This work provides an insight into the impact of protease activity on different disease contexts, highlighting their involvement in cancer, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. In cancer, proteases facilitate tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, while in inflammatory diseases, dysregulated protease activity exacerbates tissue damage and inflammation.

Non-receptor Type PTPases and their Role in Controlling Pathways Related to Diabetes and Liver Cancer Signalling.

The role of non-receptor type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPases) in controlling pathways related to diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is significant. The insulin signal transduction pathway is regulated by the steady-state phosphorylation of tyrosyl residues of the insulin receptor and post-receptor substrates. PTPase has been shown to have a physiological role in the regulation of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation.

Bioindustrial applications of thermostable Endoglucanase purified from Trichoderma viride towards the conversion of agrowastes to value-added products.

Importance of biocatalytic reactions and biotransformations mediated by fungal enzymes has increased tremendously in various industries. Endoglucanase obtained from Trichoderma viride has been utilized for bioconversion of agrowastes; wheat straw (WS) and corn stover (CS) as biomass into citric acid and single cell protein (SCP) as value-added products. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity with M:44.

Flavonoid 3'5' Hydroxylase_2 () Confers Resistance to by Modulating Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco.

Pod borer , a polyphagus herbivorous pest, tremendously incurs crop damage in economically important crops. This necessitates the identification and utility of novel genes for the control of the herbivore. The present study deals with the characterization of a () from a pigeonpea wild relative , possessing a robust chemical resistance response to .

Understanding the Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Diseases.

Antioxidant enzymes being an integral part of the defense mechanism have a crucial role in cellular metabolism, essential for healthy growth and living of the cells. The main function is to scavenge and degrade the free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Endogenous antioxidant enzymes present in mitochondria, cytosol, and other cellular parts participate in capturing and repairing the oxidative damage to the system.

Deciphering of Pod Borer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)] Resistance in Cajanus platycarpus (Benth.) Offers Novel Insights on the Reprogramming and Role of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway.

Management of pod borer, in pigeonpea ( L.), an important legume crop, has been a pertinent endeavor globally. As with other crops, wild relatives of pigeonpea are bestowed with various resistance traits that include the ability to deter the Understanding the molecular basis of pod borer resistance could provide useful leads for the management of this notorious herbivore.

Superoxide dismutase as multipotent therapeutic antioxidant enzyme: Role in human diseases.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is consistently recognized as a threat to living organisms, especially for human beings. For proper working of cellular signaling, functioning, and survival, a strict and balanced level of ROS is necessary. Superoxide dismutase (SOD); a group of metalloenzymes provides an important antioxidant defense mechanism, required to preserve the level of ROS in the body.

Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Regulation of Cell Signaling Cascades Affecting Tumor Cell Growth: A Future Perspective as Anti-Cancer Drug Target.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) superfamily is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of growth-related cell signaling cascades, such as the RAS/MAPK pathway, that directly affect cancer cell growth and metastasis. Several studies have indicated that the drug resistance observed in several late-stage tumors might also be affected by the levels of PTP in the cell. Hence, these phosphatases have been in the limelight for the past few decades as potential drug targets and several promising drug candidates have been developed, even though none of these drugs have reached the market yet.

Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum verum as nutraceuticals: Spices rich in therapeutically significant protein tyrosine phosphatases.

Nutraceuticals need special attention as preventive molecules to create a natural barrier against various dreadful diseases like cancer and to regulate metabolism. In the present study, two spices, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum verum, been identified as excellent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPases) sources that play significant role in the regulation of cell signal transduction and developmental processes in plants as well as animals, being lucrative and potential targets for pharmacological modulation. PTPases from both cases were partially purified into 0%-40% and 40%-80% fractions based on ammonium sulfate saturation levels.

Drought tolerance in L. genotypes associated with enhanced antioxidative protection and declined lipid peroxidation.

Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filling stage. In this study we highlighted the response of different wheat genotypes under drought stress at the grain-filling stage. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate 72 wheat ( L.

Juglans regia and Ribes nigrum as potential nutraceuticals: Source of thermostable superoxide dismutase enzyme.

In the present study, superoxide dismutase (SOD) extracted from dry fruits; Juglans regia (Walnut; W) and Ribes nigrum (Munakka; M) was partially purified into 0%-40% and 40%-80% fractions based on ammonium sulfate saturation levels. The partially purified fractions (0%-40%) exhibited purification level of 3.09- (W) and 3.