Is Anorexia Truly a Contemporary Disease?

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is reported to be on the rise. However, instances of fasting have been noted since antiquity. Can modern diagnoses be applied to circumstances very different from our own? Is there a continuum of symptoms whose meanings have evolved over centuries, or is AN a recent development?

Subjects And Methods: A literature review was conducted.

Love and Sexual Relationships Between Patients in Short Term Psychiatric Units: the Caregivers' Opinion.

Background: The management of romantic and sexual relationships between inpatients in short-term psychiatric units is a controversial subject among caregivers. Not all units have policies, and the content of said policies can be unclear or even incoherent. The lack of clear policy leaves the caregivers without guidelines and can lead to a diverging management depending on personal values.

How to Improve Collaboration Between General Practitioners and Clinical Psychologists for Their Patients' Common Mental Health Problems in Primary Care Context?

Background: Mental health problems have become a major topic of public health these last years, particularly since the pandemic of COVID-19. Primary care givers are confronted with high rates of common mental health problems (CMHPs) in population. This questions healthcare organization and specifically collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and clinical psychologists (CPs).

COVID, the Main Cause of Mysery of Teenager? Retrospective Study of Hospitalizations of 15-25 in Psychosomatics (2018-2022).

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been an apparent increase in the utilization of mental health services and psychiatric disorders among youth. However, there is little data on youth mental health prior to the pandemic. Some authors suggest that the increase in the use of psychiatric care started before.

Difficulties in Combining Somatic and Psychiatric Care in Psychogeriatry.

Background: This article attempts to understand the difficulties encountered in the articulation of health care, particularly between the organic and psychiatric aspects. It also aims to provide solutions to these collaboration issues.

Methods: We realized a literature review based on articles dated from 2002 to 2021 and selected from following databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Cairn, Psychinfo and Google.

Phenomenon of Nightclub Shots: Mass Psychogenic Disease?

Background: This article examines the possibility that the "nightclub shots" epidemic is a "mass psychogenic disease" phenomenon, by comparing the various cases of "mass sociogenic diseases" reported in the literature. We carried out a literature review on PubMed. The keywords used were "mass hysteria", "mass sociogenic disease", "mass psychogenic disease" and "epidemic of multiple unexplained symptoms".

Division of labor or mental illness?

Background: The pathological entity to which the term "burnout" refers is not clear, although the phenomenon exists. This article aims to clarify the professional and social origins of burnout by confronting the philosophers who have analyzed the concept of work and the modern society to scientific literature.

Subject And Method: The master thesis of Manguelinckx M.

Microbiota Diversity and Inflammation as a New Target to Improve Mood: Probiotic Use in Depressive Disorder.

Background: There is a lot of evidence for a bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. Dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability may lead to a systemic low-grade inflammatory response or various neuroactive bacterial metabolite may cross gut barrier. Pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) are known to pass through blood brain barrier and altered neurotransmitter metabolism or increase production of neurotoxic pathways.

Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic: is There an Emergency?

Background: As attention is currently focused on the urgent need to address the impacts of the social isolation measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health, this study aims to determine whether the reported malaise and depression among this population is directly related to the pandemic.

Subjects And Methods: We conducted an analysis of the review of the literature based on content in the leading medical databases, and reviewed empirical data regarding the number of psychiatric consultations, and markers of anxiety and depression in adolescents.

Results: Social isolation has clearly had a negative impact on adolescent mental health.

Towards a Vulnerability Model for Major Depressive Episodes.

Background: While many studies have investigated depression risk factors, few attempts have been made to weight, and compare them. Therefore, we conducted a prospective comparison of a sample of subjects suffering from major depressive disorder and a group of healthy subjects. We compared classic risk factors with internal elements such as personality, family dynamics and health locus of control.

Can We Compare the Behaviour of the Zazous in the 1940s and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Crisis?

Background: This article provides an insight into the behaviour of adolescents during the COVID-19 crisis through a comparison with the life of young people living in France under German occupation during the Second World War.

Method: We conducted a literature review of articles in the CAIRN, SCOPUS and PsycINFO databases using the keywords zazou, adolescent and COVID-19.

Results: The zazou movement was a manifestation of young people's denial of the war through derision.

Influence of post-COVID-19 deconfinement on psychiatric visits to the emergency department.

Objective: During the deconfinement period after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number and characteristics of psychiatric visits changed in our emergency department (ED). We aimed to assess changes in the number of visits and characterize the profiles of these patients.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we examined the number of psychiatric ED visits and their proportion among the total number of ED visits.

Real or Virtual Relationships: Does It Matter to Teens?

Background: Social networks are taking over teenagers' lives and altering the way they relate to others. They are creating their own and changing culture. Which is a cause for concern for adults, who do not understand it.

From Family Surroundings to Intestinal Flora, A Literature Review Concerning Epigenetic Processes in Psychiatric Disorders.

Background: Some behaviors or psychiatric conditions seem to be inherited from parents or explain by family environment. We hypothesized interactions between epigenetic processes, inflammatory response and gut microbiota with family surroundings or environmental characteristics.

Subjects And Methods: We searched in literature interactions between epigenetic processes and psychiatric disorders with a special interest for environmental factors such as traumatic or stress events, family relationships and also gut microbiota.

Improving Transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services to Adult Mental Health Services for Adolescents in Transition to Young Adulthood: A Literature Review.

Background: These last years adolescents in transition to young adulthood (ATYA) have become a new matter of research. This population encounter specific issues and challenges regarding their mental health particularly when they have attained age boundaries and deal with the issue of transition from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). Many key questions regarding how to sustain continuity of mental health care for ATYA during transition remain.

Alcohol Use Disorder in Primary Cares: How to Integrate Brief Interventions and Continuous Care?

Background: In Belgium, 82% of the population consumes alcohol occasionally while 10% consume in a way that can be seen as problematic. On a European level, only 8% of the people who can be characterized as having Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) would have consulted professional assistance in the past year. In this context, the KCE (Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre) has addressed multiple recommendations to health professionals to reduce the "treatment gap" concerning the patients' care: (1) encourage screening and preventative interventions, (2) promote the acquirement of communicational and relational competences (3) develop collaborations between professionals.

Multidisciplinary Management of Chronic Tinnitus in Audiophonology Centre: Survey of Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medications Use Over 10 Years of Activity.

Background: The multidisciplinary management of disabling chronic tinnitus in the audiophonology centre demonstrates its relevance. The detection and treatment of overlapping psychiatric pathologies is a crucial issue in the work of liaison psychiatry.

Subjects And Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of the activities of a university audiophonology centre with 166 patients who consulted for disabling chronic tinnitus and who underwent a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

The therapeutic alliance - its impact on antidepressant therapies in major depressive conditions and on the overall health.

Background: Based on our 2012 study and a review of the literature on the therapeutic alliance we asked ourselves different questions: does the alliance exert a real influence on the evolution of depressive affects, the rate of remission and the physical and global health?

Subjects And Methods: In a two-year study, forty people with major depressive disorder are randomly assigned to groups that receive a SSRI (escitalopram) or a SNRI (duloxetine), each group receive concomitant ASA (100 mg) or a placebo. Sociodemographic data are recorded and patients under went regular assessments with the Hamilton depression scale (HDS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).

Results: There is no significant difference in efficacy between the two antidepressants or between antidepressant treatment with and without ASA.

IQ over 130 and phobia: correlation, consequences and other psychopathologies.

Background: Nowadays, anxiety disorders are becoming more and more important in our population. And if there is one category of people more vulnerable to this problem, it is the teenagers. In addition, more and more children and teenagers are diagnosed with an IQ greater than 130, causing all the stress and questions that it generates.

Role of gut microbiota in the interaction between immunity and psychiatry: a literature review.

Background: Psychiatric disorders may be correlated with a low-grade systemic inflammation but the origin of this inflammatory response remains unclear and both genetics and environmental factors seems to be concerned. Recent researches observed that gut microbiota seems to have an impact on the brain and immune processes.

Method: We review recent literature to a better understanding of how microbiota interacts with brain, immunity and psychiatric disorders.

Mobius syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder: a case report.

Background: Mobius syndrome is characterized by a bilateral congenital paralysis of the facial and abducens nerves which leaves the subject with an expressionless "mask-like" face.

Subjects And Methods: Based on a literature review and a case discussion of an adult patient with Mobius syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder, initially undiagnosed and confused with a psychotic disorder, we will discuss the influence of Mobius syndrome in psychiatric evaluations.

Results: The lack of facial expressiveness and non-verbal emotional interactions may influence psychiatric evaluations and result in misdiagnosis and the inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotics.

Adolescents in transition to young adulthood: evolution of mental health status and risk factors associated with depressive and anxiety disorder.

Background: In this paper we focus on adolescents in transition towards young adulthood (ATYA). We know from international studies that the transition process makes adolescents vulnerable to mental illness. However, little is known about Belgian ATYA mental-health status.