Extracapsular Tonsillectomy versus Intracapsular Tonsillotomy in Paediatric Patients with OSAS.

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare our experience of intracapsular tonsillotomy performed with the help of a microdebrider usually used for adenoidectomy with results obtained from extracapsular surgery through dissection and from adenoidectomy in cases of people affected with OSAS, linked to adeno-tonsil hypertrophy, observed and treated in the last 5 years.

Methods: 3127 children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia and OSAS-related clinical symptoms (aged between 3 and 12 years) underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. A total of 1069 patients (Group A) underwent intracapsular tonsillotomy, while 2058 patients (Group B) underwent extracapsular tonsillectomy, from January 2014 to June 2018.

Association between upper airway obstruction and malocclusion in mouth-breathing children.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between upper airway obstruction and occlusal anomalies in mouth-breathing children.

Methods: 356 mouth-breathing children were evaluated by ENT physicians and specialists in orthodontics. ENT examination included nasal endoscopy to assess the adenoidal hypertrophy, tonsillar grading and presence of nasal septum deviation.

Updated Guidelines for the Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children by the Italian Society of Pediatrics: Prevention.

Background: In recent years, new information has been acquired regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media (AOM). The Italian Pediatric Society, therefore, decided to issue an update to the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines published in 2010.

Methods: The search was conducted on Pubmed, and only those studies regarding the pediatric age alone, in English or Italian, published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, were included.

Cerumen: A fundamental but neglected problem by pediatricians.

Objectives: Under physiological conditions, cerumen (Ce) is regularly extruded from the ear canal by a self-cleaning mechanism. Failure of this mechanism leads to excessive accumulation or impaction of Ce. Limited data are available concerning the prevalence of cerumen in healthy and sick infants and children.

Development of an algorithm for the management of cervical lymphadenopathy in children: consensus of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Italian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology.

Unlabelled: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common disorder in children due to a wide spectrum of disorders. On the basis of a complete history and physical examination, paediatricians have to select, among the vast majority of children with a benign self-limiting condition, those at risk for other, more complex, diseases requiring laboratory tests, imaging and, finally, tissue sampling. At the same time, they should avoid expensive and invasive examinations when unnecessary.

Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Targeted at Symptoms.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) underlies many symptoms and complications which severely affect children's quality of life. This two-arm study aimed at evaluate the efficacy and safety of the medical device Narivent(®) versus topical corticosteroids in the symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis in paediatric patients. A randomized study was conducted.

Resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan in children with recurrent respiratory infections: a preliminary and real-life experience.

Background: Recurrent respiratory infections (RRI), such as the presence of at least one of the following criteria: i) >6 RI per year; ii) >1 RI per month involving upper airways from September to April; iii) >3 RI involving lower airways, constitute a social problem for both their pharmaco-economic impact and the burden for the family. However, several treatment have been proposed with controversial results.

Objective: As resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan is presently available as solution for aerosol, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this compound, compared to saline solution, whether it is able to prevent RRI in children.

Effects of guidelines on adeno-tonsillar surgery on the clinical behaviour of otorhinolaryngologists in Italy.

Background: Several guidelines on adeno-tonsillar disease have been proposed in recent years and some discrepancies in relation both to clinical manifestations and indications for surgical treatment have emerged. The aim of the study was to verify what influence (adeno)-tonsillectomy guidelines have had on the clinical behaviour of ENT specialists in Italy. Our study is a retrospective and multi-centre case series with chart review.

Management of acute pharyngitis in children: summary of the Italian National Institute of Health guidelines.

Background: Discrepancies in the management of pharyngitis in children have been reported in Europe and the United States, and recommendations concerning the use of clinical scores, rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RADTs) or throat cultures, and the indications for antibiotic treatment largely differ.

Objective: This article summarizes the Italian guidelines on the management of pharyngitis in children issued by the National Institute of Health.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of experts (the Guidelines Development Group) developed and used a set of key questions to conduct a systematic review of the literature.

Surgical treatment of acute recurrent throat infections in children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to define the contribute of surgery and watchful waiting in the treatment of feverish episodes and other clinical manifestations related to acute recurrent throat infections in children.

Methods: An observational, retrospective and multi-centric study was carried out on 407 subjects, aged 2-11, with a minimum two-year follow-up. Chi square test and Fisher's test were used for the statistical analysis.

Acute otitis media: From diagnosis to prevention. Summary of the Italian guideline.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease occurring in infants and children and has major medical, social and economic effects. If we consider the Italian pediatric population and the incidence rates in different age ranges it can be calculated that almost one million cases of AOM are diagnosed in Italy every year. Various attempts have been made internationally to clarify the most appropriate ways in which AOM should be managed.

Craniofacial growth in children with nasal septum deviation: a cephalometric comparative study.

Objective: Nasal-breathing impairment has been described as a possible determinant of maxillofacial development in children with adenoids/tonsils hypertrophy. However little is known about the possible influence of nasal septum deviation on craniofacial growth in childhood. We conducted a multicenter cephalometric study to compare skeletal and dental features in children with chronic nasal-breathing obstruction secondary to nasal septum deviation and nose-breathing controls.

Frequency of surgery among children who have adenotonsillar hypertrophy and improve after treatment with nasal beclomethasone.

Objective: To describe the long-term outcome of a cohort of children with symptomatic adenotonsillar hypertrophy treated with aqueous nasal beclomethasone.

Methods: The children enrolled completed a 4-week single-blind, saline solution controlled crossover study of aqueous beclomethasone (total: 400 micro g/d). In a 24-week open-label follow-on study, beclomethasone 200 micro g/d was offered to all patients.