Satellite cells choreograph an immune cell-fibrogenic cell circuit during mechanical loading in geriatric skeletal muscle.

Muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), decline in number throughout the lifespan and may become senescent in very old age. Whether and how remaining SCs contribute to muscle adaptation in the oldest-old is unclear. Using acute mechanical overload in geriatric SC replete and depleted mice (28-month-old) combined with single-cell RNA-sequencing, we show: (i) subsets of geriatric SCs display signs of senescence as well as normal fate progression during overload, (ii) SCs express markers that may contribute to the regulation of innervation, (iii) the presence of SCs during overload enhances global intercellular communication and increases mRNA levels of the cell surface receptor in immune cells, (iv) macrophage migration inhibitory factor (), the primary ligand for CD74, is enriched in fibrogenic cells and is more pronounced in the absence of SCs-perhaps to normalize dysregulated fibrotic signaling and migration in macrophages, and (v) SCs influence cell fate dynamics to promote the canonical macrophage response to hypertrophic loading.

Relationships between diffusion tensor parameters and measures of skeletal muscle fiber size and strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Alterations in skeletal muscle morphology after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear are a major contributing factor to protracted quadriceps muscle weakness limiting person's return to function. Microstructural changes in skeletal muscle are difficult to assess noninvasively, but understanding these changes is vital to provide clinicians with additional information to assess injury and guide recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging to provide noninvasive metrics of quadriceps muscle morphology and strength.

Contrasting Adult and Pediatric Populations in a Cohort of At-Risk Relatives in The T1D TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study.

Objective: More than half of incident type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs in adults, yet research on disease progression predominantly focuses on at-risk children. We compared autoantibody screening outcomes and T1D progression in adults versus children.

Research Design And Methods: We studied 135,914 children (aged <18 years) and 99,795 adult relatives of individuals with T1D screened in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study.

Efficacy and Clinical Role of Rhomboid Intercostal Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management: a Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review evaluates the efficacy and clinical applications of the rhomboid intercostal nerve block (RINB) for postoperative pain management. With growing interest in ultrasound-guided regional anesthetic techniques, RINB has emerged as a promising approach for thoracic, abdominal, and breast surgeries. We aim to synthesize current evidence on its analgesic effectiveness, opioid-sparing potential, and comparative advantages.

Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Mitochondria Are Transferred to Muscle Fibers in Response to a Hypertrophic Stimulus.

The fusion of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) to myofibers during hypertrophy has exclusively focused on the transfer of the MuSC nucleus, leaving the fate of other MuSC organelles, such as mitochondria, largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine whether MuSCs transfer their mitochondria upon myofiber fusion in response to a hypertrophic stimulus. To achieve this goal, we specifically labeled MuSC mitochondria with Dendra2 fluorescence by crossing the MuSC-specific CreER (Pax7CreER/CreER) mouse with the Rosa26-Dendra2 mouse to generate the Pax7-Dendra2 mouse.

Geographic Disparities in Who Receives Victim Services.

This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine geographic variations in the receipt of victim services for victims of violence. Research has long demonstrated that there are differences in victimization risk and who is victimized across different regions and by urbanicity. Examination of these differences when it comes to victim services has not been previously examined on a national level.

Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management after Hip Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Managing pain after hip surgery can be challenging, especially with the need to balance effective relief and early movement. Traditional pain management methods, such as opioids and nerve blocks, have been demonstrated to be efficacious but come with risks, including side effects, potential for opioid dependency, and the possibility of delays in mobility.

Recent Findings: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has recently gained attention as a newer option that may offer unique benefits.

Human de novo mutation rates from a four-generation pedigree reference.

Understanding the human de novo mutation (DNM) rate requires complete sequence information. Here using five complementary short-read and long-read sequencing technologies, we phased and assembled more than 95% of each diploid human genome in a four-generation, twenty-eight-member family (CEPH 1463). We estimate 98-206 DNMs per transmission, including 74.

High-Flow Oxygen Therapy to Support Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation During Very Severe Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Recovery Post Liver Transplant: A Case Report.

This case study reports the novel use of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with near-maximal high-flow oxygen therapy in a patient recovering from very severe hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) following liver transplantation. HPS is a rare condition where advanced liver disease alters lung microvasculature through intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) and angiogenesis. Platypnoea-orthodeoxia (postural dyspnoea with concurrent blood oxygen desaturation) is characteristic of HPS due to redirection of blood flow to the basal lung where IPVDs are more prominent, secondary to gravity.

Unveiling patterns of peri-lead edema after deep brain stimulation: a retrospective review of clinical and demographic factors.

Objective: Postoperative peri-lead edema (PLE) is an increasingly recognized complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS), a therapeutic intervention commonly used for neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), intractable focal epilepsy, and dystonia. In this study, we conducted a retrospective chart review to evaluate the incidence of PLE and explore potential clinical and demographic risk factors.

Methods: A single physician performed DBS electrode placements.

The Utah NeoSeq Project: a collaborative multidisciplinary program to facilitate genomic diagnostics in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Rapid genomic diagnostics in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit represents a paradigm shift in medicine with increasing evidence of the utility of early diagnosis, impacting management. The goal of the Utah NeoSeq Project was to implement and evaluate a multidisciplinary and longitudinal rapid sequencing program while transitioning to CLIA-certified sequencing. Enrollment of 65 infants resulted in 26 (40%) with a diagnostic variant(s) and 7 (11%) harboring a strong candidate.

Is Knosp enough? A novel classification for Acromegaly: a retrospective analysis of cure rates and outcome predictors in a large tertiary centre.

Purpose: This study evaluates surgical outcomes for acromegaly at King's College Hospital(2012-2022), focusing on predictive factors for surgical cure. A novel radiological metric, the MI Ratio, is introduced to enhance the prediction of clinical remission post-surgery, providing a more accurate prognosis and informing treatment planning.

Methods: This single-centre cohort study involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a UK tertiary referral centre.

Identification of 2 novel noncoding variants in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome by whole genome sequencing.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome (DBAS) is a rare congenital disorder with variable penetrance and expressivity and is characterized by pure red cell aplasia that typically manifests as early-onset chronic macrocytic or normocytic anemia and is often associated with other congenital anomalies. DBAS is etiologically heterogeneous with >20 known DBAS-associated genes that encode small and large ribosomal protein subunits and an inheritance pattern that is largely autosomal dominant or sporadic. We report 2 DBAS cases with previous negative genetic testing, which included targeted gene panels, karyotype analysis, chromosome breakage analysis, and whole exome sequencing.

Efficacy of Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block for Pain Management in Hip Surgeries: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Hip surgeries are commonly associated with significant postoperative pain, which can hinder early mobilization, prolong hospital stays, and increase healthcare costs. Effective pain management in this patient population is crucial to improving outcomes and reducing complications.

Recent Findings: Traditional pain control methods, such as systemic opioids, are often associated with adverse effects, including respiratory depression, nausea, and delayed recovery.

Fork in the road: therapeutic and pathological actions for fibro-adipogenic progenitors following musculoskeletal injury.

Musculoskeletal injuries are a substantial source of global disability through weakness and loss of function, which can be attributable, in part, to deficits in skeletal muscle quality. Poor muscle quality, resulting from fibrotic pathology or fatty infiltration, strongly predicts lower rates of patient recovery following injury and higher rates of re-injury. The cellular sources of fibrosis and fatty infiltration within skeletal muscle are mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are central effectors to support muscle homeostasis, regeneration and growth.

Treatment outcomes with oral anti-hyperglycaemic therapies in people with diabetes secondary to a pancreatic condition (type 3c diabetes): A population-based cohort study.

Aims: To assess outcomes of oral anti-hyperglycaemic therapies in people with diabetes secondary to a pancreatic condition (type 3c), where specific treatment guidance is limited.

Materials And Methods: Using hospital-linked UK primary care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink; 2004-2020), we identified 7084 people with a pancreatic condition (acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and haemochromatosis) preceding diabetes diagnosis (type 3c cohort), initiating oral glucose-lowering therapy (metformin, sulphonylureas, SGLT2-inhibitors, DPP4-inhibitors or thiazolidinediones), and without concurrent insulin treatment. We stratified by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency [PEI] (n = 5917 without PEI, 1167 with PEI) and matched to 97 227 type 2 diabetes (T2D) controls.

CSF1-R inhibition attenuates posttraumatic osteoarthritis and quadriceps atrophy following ligament injury.

Knee osteoarthritis contributes substantially to worldwide disability. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops secondary to joint injury, such as ligament rupture, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a key role for inflammation in the aetiology of PTOA and associated functional deficits. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

The 24-hour molecular landscape after exercise in humans reveals MYC is sufficient for muscle growth.

A detailed understanding of molecular responses to a hypertrophic stimulus in skeletal muscle leads to therapeutic advances aimed at promoting muscle mass. To decode the molecular factors regulating skeletal muscle mass, we utilized a 24-h time course of human muscle biopsies after a bout of resistance exercise. Our findings indicate: (1) the DNA methylome response at 30 min corresponds to upregulated genes at 3 h, (2) a burst of translation- and transcription-initiation factor-coding transcripts occurs between 3 and 8 h, (3) changes to global protein-coding gene expression peaks at 8 h, (4) ribosome-related genes dominate the mRNA landscape between 8 and 24 h, (5) methylation-regulated MYC is a highly influential transcription factor throughout recovery.

The Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Training to Improve Quadriceps Muscle Function after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is a popular rehabilitation intervention after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there are a lack of clinical trials establishing the efficacy of using BFRT during rehabilitation to improve quadriceps muscle function.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of blood flow restriction training to improve quadriceps muscle strength, morphology, and physiology, and knee biomechanics in individuals after ACLR in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT03364647).

Racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research: a scoping review of cohort studies.

Background: Despite a potentially greater burden of dementia, racial and ethnic minority populations around the world may be more likely to be excluded from research examining risk factors for incident dementia. We aimed to systematically investigate and quantify racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research.

Methods: We performed a two-stage systematic search of databases-MEDLINE (Ovid SP), Embase (Ovid SP) and Scopus-from inception to March 2021 to identify population-based cohort studies looking at risk factors for dementia incidence.