Evaluating changes in hypoglossal nerve stimulator use over time and long-term adherence.

Purpose: Evaluate patient phenotypes and longitudinal patterns of hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) use and identify predictors of long-term HGNS adherence.

Methods: Patients who underwent HGNS implantation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) from 2017 to 2023 and had available data through 9 months post-device activation were included. Adherence rate was defined as percentage of patients using the device for at least 4 h for 70% of nights.

Evaluating outcomes of hyoid suspension combined with other upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of hyoid suspension in adults with OSA.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of adult patients with OSA who underwent hyoid suspension at a single tertiary center. Patients were excluded if they did not have pre- and postoperative sleep study data.

Costs of Sleep Endoscopy With Same-Day Versus Staged Surgery for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To compare the costs of staged versus same-day surgery after drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary-care center in the United States from 2017 to 2023.

Intersystem Medical Error Discovery in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Importance: Intersystem medical error discovery (IMED) involves clinicians identifying errors that occurred outside of their facility while a patient was under another clinician's care. Despite its major implications for safety and quality of care, explicit guidance is limited. Given the complexity of disorders and specialization within otolaryngology, IMED is a considerable concern, yet little is known about current practices or management strategies.

Association of Residency Applicant Sociodemographic Characteristics With Specialty Choice and Interview Outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate associations of residency applicant sociodemographic characteristics with specialty choice, academic metrics, and application outcomes. Academic metrics included clerkship honors, honor society membership, United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) scores, degree type (allopathic or osteopathic), second degrees or research year, required remediation, couples match, research output, and volunteer or leadership positions.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of applicants who responded to the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) survey.

Evaluation of Residency Applicant Preferences for Continuing Virtual Interviews: A National Database Analysis.

There is a paucity of evidence to guide decision-making regarding continuation of virtual interviews. To evaluate residency applicant preferences for continuation of virtual interviews. This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) survey to evaluate (1) what percentage of applicants favor continuation of virtual interviews from 2021 to 2023, and (2) what factors predict a preference for continuation of virtual interviews.

Perspectives regarding consumer sleep technology and barriers to its use or adoption among adults in the United States.

Objective: To explore perspectives about consumer sleep technology (CST) and barriers to its regular use and whether these vary by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed a survey instrument which was disseminated to a national sample via an online platform. A mixed methods analysis using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and thematic content analysis was employed.

Evaluation of factors that impact medical student consideration of a career in otolaryngology.

Objective: To identify differences in timing of exposure and demographic characteristics between medical students who did and did not consider Otolaryngology as a career choice.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved developing and distributing a survey by an interdisciplinary team to assess exposure to Otolaryngology and individual consideration of pursuing Otolaryngology. The survey was administered electronically to third- and fourth-year medical students at a single medical school, with a small monetary incentive for completion.

Consumer sleep technology use in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea: does it have a role in monitoring treatment response?

Unlabelled: Consumer sleep technology (CST) has an emerging role in monitoring sleep, including screening or surveillance of sleep disorders; however, few data are available on CST in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We analyzed attitudes toward CST and patterns of CST use among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea. Among 251 respondents (mean age 57.

Comparison of surgical margins and adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer by hospital type.

Background: Differences in patient populations and outcomes by hospital type are becoming increasingly relevant as health care systems shift to value-based care models. There is a paucity of literature on patient-level and hospital-level differences for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objective of this study was to examine differences in patient characteristics, surgical margins, and adjuvant therapy patterns for surgically treated HNSCC across different hospital types.

Impact of Adjuvant Interferon Therapy on Survival Outcomes for Cutaneous Melanoma With Parotid Involvement.

Objectives: To determine the relative 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) outcomes for adjuvant interferon therapy in the treatment of head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM) with parotid gland involvement.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary care institution to analyze patients undergoing parotidectomy for cutaneous head and neck melanoma involving the parotid gland from 2000 to 2014. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank p-values and Cox proportional hazards models.

Association of USMLE Step 1 Pass/Fail Reporting with Interview and Match Outcomes.

Objective: To investigate interview and match outcomes of medical students who received pass/fail USMLE reporting vs medical students with numeric scoring during the same period.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional survey-based study.

Setting: United States 2023 residency match.

Association of Medical School Gap Year Research and Degree Programs With Otolaryngology Interview and Match Outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether a gap year for either research or a master's degree is associated with interview offers or match outcomes among otolaryngology applicants.

Methods: Using the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (Texas STAR) database, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of otolaryngology applicants from 2018 to 2022. Applicants were stratified based on the presence and type of gap year during medical school.

By Medical Students, for Medical Students: A Narrative Medicine Antiracism Program.

Objectives: Medical schools have sought to incorporate concepts of race and racism in their curricula to facilitate students' abilities to grapple with healthcare disparities in the United States; however, these efforts frequently fail to address implicit bias or equip students with cultural humility, reflective capacity, and interpersonal skills required to navigate racialized systems in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an antiracism narrative medicine (NM) program designed by and for preclinical medical students.

Method: Preclinical medical students at a single center were eligible to participate from June-July 2021.

How Does Lacking a Home Program Impact Otolaryngology Applicants?

Objectives: To compare otolaryngology interview and match outcomes between applicants with and without home residency programs.

Methods: Otolaryngology applicants from US allopathic medical schools during the 2019-2023 cycles who responded to the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) survey were identified. Students were stratified based upon whether their medical school had an affiliated otolaryngology residency program.

Surgical Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Beyond Adenotonsillectomy: The Nose, Nasopharynx, and Palate.

While adenotonsillectomy is the primary treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), persistent OSA after surgery is common and may be due to residual obstruction at the nose, nasopharynx, and/or palate. Comprehensive evaluation for persistent pediatric OSA ideally includes clinical examination (with or without awake nasal endosocpy) as well as drug-induced sleep endoscopy in order to accurately identify sources of residual obstruction. Depending on the site of obstruction, some of the surgical management options include submucous inferior turbinate resection, septoplasty, adenoidectomy, and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Association of Medicaid Privatization With Patient Cancer Outcomes.

Purpose: Increasingly, states outsource administration of Medicaid insurance to privately administered Medicaid managed care organizations. However, on January 1, 2012, Connecticut transitioned from a privately to publicly administered Medicaid system. New Jersey retained a private model.

Impact of Applicants' Characteristics and Geographic Connections to Residency Programs on Preference Signaling Outcomes in the Match.

Purpose: To assess the impact of applicant and residency program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes in the Match during the first 2 years of implementation across 6 specialties.

Method: Data were obtained from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency survey for applicants applying into otolaryngology during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 application cycles and into dermatology, internal medicine (categorical and preliminary year), general surgery, and urology during the 2021-2022 application cycle. The primary outcome was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent.

Effect of distance of treatment center on survival for HPV-negative head and neck cancer patients.

Background: In rural states, travel burden for complex cancer care required for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may affect patient survival, but its impact is unknown.

Methods: Patients with HPV-negative HNSCC were retrospectively identified from a statewide, population-based study. Euclidian distance from the home address to the treatment center was calculated for radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy.

Does Geographic Region of Away Rotations Predict Otolaryngology Match Outcomes?

Objective: To assess whether the geographic region where medical students complete an away rotation predicts the same site, region-specific, or overall interview offers and match success in otolaryngology.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: US medical schools.

Evaluating the Impact of the Novel Geographic Preferences Section on Interview Rate and Residency Match Outcomes.

Background: The American Association of Medical Colleges trialed residency application initiatives including geographic preferences and preference signals in 2022.

Objective: To assess the impact of geographic preferences on application outcomes during the 2022 residency match year.

Design: Cross-sectional.