Systematic review and meta-analysis of the importance of pre-pregnancy maternal health on the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Stratifying women using their medical history pre-pregnancy may allow early identification of women at high-risk of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), a common and high-burden obstetrical complication. This would allow the establishment of early preventative approaches, however, most research into pregestational conditions comes from data taken during pregnancy. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.

Implementation of evidence-based foot screening in people with diabetes: A scoping review.

Background: Recommendations to prevent diabetes ulceration and amputation include an annual foot check, primarily screening for sensation and circulation. Using these simple, evidence-based components is vital to identifying complications early, assessing risk, and managing care to prevent or delay amputations. However, routine implementation of these assessments is suboptimal and approaches to their integration remain poorly understood.

Calorie (energy) labelling for changing selection and consumption of food or alcohol.

Background: Overconsumption of food and consumption of any amount of alcohol increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Calorie (energy) labelling is advocated as a means to reduce energy intake from food and alcoholic drinks. However, there is continued uncertainty about these potential impacts, with a 2018 Cochrane review identifying only a small body of low-certainty evidence.

Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of observational studies.

Background: International Medical Graduates (IMG) are an essential part of the international physician workforce, and exploring the predictors of success and failure for IMGs could help inform international and national physician labour workforce selection and planning. The objective of this study was to explore predictors for success for selection of IMGs into high stakes postgraduate training positions and practice and not necessarily for informing IMGs.

Methods: We searched 11 databases, including Medline, Embase and LILACS, from inception to February 2022 for studies that explored the predictors of success and failure in IMGs.

Accuracy of prenatal and postnatal biomarkers for estimating gestational age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Knowledge of gestational age (GA) is key in clinical management of individual obstetric patients, and critical to be able to calculate rates of preterm birth and small for GA at a population level. Currently, the gold standard for pregnancy dating is measurement of the fetal crown rump length at 11-14 weeks of gestation. However, this is not possible for women first presenting in later pregnancy, or in settings where routine ultrasound is not available.

Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Current recommendations for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to partake in physical activity are based on low-level evidence, do not incorporate evidence from all available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and provide little information regarding potential adverse effects.

Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of physical activity interventions in adults diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome and to explore possible effect moderators including type, setting and nature of physical activity interventions.

Search Methods: We searched nine electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase to 5 November 2021.

Performance of guidelines for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review of the guidelines and diagnostic studies evaluating the recommended testing strategies.

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated less resource-intensive testing guidelines to identify gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a scoping review of the international evidence reporting the ability of diagnostic tests recommended during the pandemic to accurately identify patients with GDM, compared to pre-pandemic reference standards, and associated test and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out in Embase, LitCovid, Cochrane Covid-19 study register, and medRxiv on 14 June 2021.

Leptospirosis in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a leading zoonotic disease worldwide with more than 1 million cases in the general population per year. With leptospirosis being an emerging infectious disease and as the world's environment changes with more floods and environmental disasters, the burden of leptospirosis is expected to increase. The objectives of the systematic review were to explore how leptospirosis affects pregnancy, its burden in this population, its effects on maternal and fetal outcomes and the evidence base surrounding treatment options.

Primary cam morphology; bump, burden or bog-standard? A concept analysis.

Background: Cam morphology, a distinct bony morphology of the hip, is prevalent in many athletes, and a risk factor for hip-related pain and osteoarthritis. Secondary cam morphology, due to existing or previous hip disease (eg, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease), is well-described. Cam morphology not clearly associated with a disease is a challenging concept for clinicians, scientists and patients.

A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures.

Ultrasound-based assessment of the fetal nervous system is routinely recommended at the time of the mid-trimester anatomy scan or at different gestations based on clinical indications. This review evaluates the methodological quality of studies aimed at creating charts for fetal brain structures obtained by ultrasound, as poor methodology could explain substantial variability in percentiles reported. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from January 1970 to January 2021 to select studies on singleton fetuses, where the main aim was to construct charts on one or more clinically relevant structures obtained in the axial plane: parieto-occipital fissure, Sylvian fissure, anterior ventricle, posterior ventricle, transcerebellar diameter, and cisterna magna.

The protease inhibitor lopinavir, boosted with ritonavir, as treatment for COVID-19: a rapid review.

Background: The HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir, boosted with ritonavir, has been used off-label to treat COVID-19. We aimed to synthesize the clinical evidence for lopinavir/ritonavir as a treatment for COVID-19.

Methods: We performed a rapid review by searching databases including PubMed, GoogleScholar, medRxiv, ClinicalTrials.

Application of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Evidence Standards Framework for Digital Health Technologies in Assessing Mobile-Delivered Technologies for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scoping Review.

Background: There is a growing role of digital health technologies (DHTs) in the management of chronic health conditions, specifically type 2 diabetes. It is increasingly important that health technologies meet the evidence standards for health care settings. In 2019, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published the NICE Evidence Standards Framework for DHTs.

Risk of adverse coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes for people living with HIV.

Objective: To assess whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality or adverse outcomes, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences this risk.

Design: Rapid review with meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.

Methods: We searched databases including Embase, Medline, medRxiv and Google Scholar up to 26 August 2020 for studies describing COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH and conducted a meta-analysis of higher quality studies.

At what times during infection is SARS-CoV-2 detectable and no longer detectable using RT-PCR-based tests? A systematic review of individual participant data.

Background: Tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are pivotal to detecting current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and duration of detectable virus indicating potential for infectivity.

Methods: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) systematic review of longitudinal studies of RT-PCR test results in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2. We searched PubMed, LitCOVID, medRxiv, and COVID-19 Living Evidence databases.

Interventions outside the workplace for reducing sedentary behaviour in adults under 60 years of age.

Background: Adults spend a majority of their time outside the workplace being sedentary. Large amounts of sedentary behaviour increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and both all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Objectives: Primary • To assess effects on sedentary time of non-occupational interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in adults under 60 years of age Secondary • To describe other health effects and adverse events or unintended consequences of these interventions • To determine whether specific components of interventions are associated with changes in sedentary behaviour • To identify if there are any differential effects of interventions based on health inequalities (e.

Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality.

Background: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include reducing the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100,000 live births and ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age, in every country, by 2030. Maternal and perinatal death audit and review is widely recommended as an intervention to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality, and to improve quality of care, and could be key to attaining the SDGs. However, there is uncertainty over the most cost-effective way of auditing and reviewing deaths: community-based audit (verbal and social autopsy), facility-based audits (significant event analysis (SEA)) or a combination of both (confidential enquiry).

The diagnostic performance of current tumour markers in surveillance for recurrent testicular cancer: A diagnostic test accuracy systematic review.

In this diagnostic test accuracy systematic review we summarise the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of blood α-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in surveillance for testicular cancer recurrence in adults. We searched four electronic databases for studies that reported the diagnostic accuracy of HCG, AFP, and/or LDH in sufficient detail for sensitivity and specificity to be calculated by extracting a 2 × 2 table comparing biomarker positivity with testicular cancer recurrence. Screening, data extraction and QUADAS-2 quality assessment were completed by two independent reviewers.

Effects of empathic and positive communication in healthcare consultations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Practitioners who enhance how they express empathy and create positive expectations of benefit could improve patient outcomes. However, the evidence in this area has not been recently synthesised. Objective To estimate the effects of empathy and expectations interventions for any clinical condition.

Energy (calorie) labelling for healthier selection and consumption of food or alcohol.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To estimate the effect of energy labelling for food (including non‐alcoholic drinks) and alcoholic drinks on healthier selection (with or without purchasing) and consumption. To assess possible modifiers – energy label type, setting and socioeconomic status ‐ of the effect of energy labelling on selection and consumption of food and alcohol.

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption.

Background: Nutritional labelling is advocated as a means to promote healthier food purchasing and consumption, including lower energy intake. Internationally, many different nutritional labelling schemes have been introduced. There is no consensus on whether such labelling is effective in promoting healthier behaviour.

Clinician-targeted interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health threat. Interventions that reduce antibiotic prescribing by clinicians are expected to reduce antibiotic resistance. Disparate interventions to change antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have been trialled and meta-analysed, but not yet synthesised in an overview.

A comparison of blood pressure in community pharmacies with ambulatory, home and general practitioner office readings: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) readings are traditionally taken in a clinic setting, with treatment recommendations based on these measurements. The clinical interpretation of BP readings taken in community pharmacies is currently unclear. This study aimed to systematically review all literature comparing community pharmacy BP (CPBP) readings with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), home BP monitoring and general practitioner clinic readings.